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ABEM Recert Exam 2015 > ABEM Recert Exam pt. 5 > Flashcards

ABEM Recert Exam pt. 5 Flashcards

1
Q

Microscopic polyangitis (MPA): si/sx

A

Glomerulonephritis

Pulmonary hemorrhage

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2
Q

Microscopic polyangitis (MPA): Rx

A

Steroids

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3
Q

Wegner’s granulomatosis: New name

A

Granulomatosis with polyangitis

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4
Q

C-ANCA: What is it seen with?

A

Granulomatosis with polyangitis (formerly Wegner’s granulomatosis)

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5
Q

Granulomatosis with polyangitis: Pathophysiology

A

Necrotizing vasculitis affecting lungs and kidneys

Formerly called Wegner’s granulomatosis

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6
Q

Goodpasture’s syndrome: Pathophysiology

A

Lung and kidney involvement

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7
Q

HSP: Pathophysiology

A

Arteriole vasculitis

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8
Q

HSP: Typical patient affected

A

Males 6-11yo

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9
Q

HSP: When does it usually occur?

A

After a viral syndrome

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10
Q

Acute retroviral syndrome: si/sx

A

Flu-like illness 1-2 weeks after exposure to HIV

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11
Q

When does HIV seroconversion occur?

A

4-6 weeks after exposure

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12
Q

Most common intracerebral mass in HIV (+) patient

A

Toxoplasmosis

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13
Q

PCP: What is it now called?

A

Pneumocystis jiroveci

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14
Q

Leading cause of AIDS mortality

A

Pneumocystis jiroveci (formerly called PCP)

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15
Q

Which transplant(s) doesn’t have potential for rejection?

A

Bone marrow is only one

BUT, can have life-threatening graft-vs-host disease

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16
Q

Rheumatic Fever: How to dx

A

Jones criteria
2 major & 1 minor OR
1 major & 2 minor

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17
Q

Jones criteria: Major

A 
JONES
Joint involvement (polyarteritis)
O (looks like heart) Myocarditis
Nodules, subcutaneous
Erythema marginatum
Sydenham chorea
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18
Q

Kawasaki’s disease: Phases

A
  1. Acute phase, lasts 1-2 weeks, CRASH
  2. Subacute phase, lasts 2-4 weeks (Thrombocytosis, desquamation of rash, resolution of fever)
  3. Convalescent phase (2+ months) coronary artery aneurysms
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19
Q

Bacterial tracheitis: Who does it usually affect?

A

Ages 1-5 yo

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20
Q

Upper c-spine injuries are (MORE/LESS) common in kids

A

Upper more common

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21
Q

Lower c-spine injuries are (MORE/LESS) common in kids

A

Lower c-spine injuries are more common in >8yo and adults (kids have large, floppy heads)

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22
Q

Waddles triad: What is it & when is it seen?

A

Injuries seen from pedestrian getting hit while crossing the road:

  1. Femur fracture
  2. Chest/upper abdominal injury
  3. c/l head injury
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23
Q

Massive hemothorax in kids: Definition

A

> 10 ml/kg initial output from chest tube
OR
2 ml/kg/hr ongoing output from chest tube

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24
Q

RBCs and FFP: Transfusion does in kids

A

10 ml/kg

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25
Simple febrile sz: Definition
Age 6mo - 5y | Lasts
26
Differential dx for altered MS in newborns
``` THE MISFITS Trauma Hypovolemia Electrolyte abnormalities Metabolic abnormalities Inborn errors of metabolism Sepsis Formula (over/underdilution) Intestinal cautastrophies Toxins Seizures ```
27
Leg-Calve Perthes disease: Who is it seen in?
Age 5-9yo | Boys > girls
28
Leg-Calve Perthes disease: Definition
AVN of the femoral head
29
Salter-Harris fracture classification
``` I: physis (growth plate) SLIPPED II: metaphysis only (ABOVE) III: epiphysis only (LOWER) IV: metaphysis, physis, and epiphysis (THROUGH) V: crush of physis (ERADICATED) ```
30
MCC of death in US
Ischemic heart disease
31
Most common valve affected in endocarditis
Mitral vavle (unless IVDA, then tricuspid)
32
MCC of valvular heart disease
Rheumatic fever
33
MCC of post partum hemorrhage
Uterine atony
34
MCC of pneumonia
Strep pneumo
35
MCC of upper GI bleed
PUD
36
MCC of lower GI bleed
Upper GI bleed, then diverticulosis
37
MCC of surgical abdomen in the elderly
Cholecystitis
38
MCC of pancreatitis
Gallstones & alcohol
39
MCC of SBO in adults
Adhesions
40
MCC of large bowel obstructions in adults
Cancer
41
MCC of bowel obstruction in pregnancy
Cecal volvulus
42
MCC of hernia in women
Inguinal (not femoral)
43
MCC of bowel perforation
Diverticulitis
44
MCC of bowel obstruction in kids 3mo - 6y
Intussusception
45
MCC of diarrhea
Viral (norovirus in adults, rotovirus in kids)
46
MCC of diarrhea in HIV
Cryptosporidium
47
MCC of travelers diarrhea
E coli
48
MCC of death in sickle cell patients
Infection
49
Most common inherited coagulation disorder
von Willebrands
50
Most common vision threatening infection in HIV
CMV
51
Most common AIDS defining condition in US
PCP pneumonia (now called pneumocystis jeroveci)
52
MCC of hypercalcemia
Primary hyperparathyroidism
53
MCC of septic joint
Staph
54
Most common STD in US
Chlamydia
55
Most common type of kidney stone
Calcium oxalate
56
Most common site of kidney stone impaction
UVJ
57
Most common gynecologic cancer
Uterine
58
Most common abdominal organ injured in blunt trauma
Spleen
59
Most common abdominal organ injured in penetrating trauma
Liver
60
MCC of pericarditis
Viral
61
Most common area for mandible fracture
Body
62
Most common surgical abdomen in all age groups
Apendicitis
63
MCC of peds death over 1 yo
Trauma
64
MCC of maternal death in pregnancy
Trauma
65
MCC of sepsis in elderly
Urosepsis
66
Tox substances not bound by charcoal
``` Caustics Hydrocarbons (e.g. gasoline) Lithium Iron Cyanide Alcohols Acids/alkalais ```
67
Contraindications to charcoal
Caustics Ileus Obstruction
68
When to use multidose charcoal
``` Extended release meds Salicylates Theophylline Phenobarbital Carbemazapine ```
69
Cyanide OD: Rx
Sodium nitrite Sodium thiosulfate Hydrocobalamin
70
When to use whole bowel irrigation
``` Extended release Body packers Bezors Iron Lead Lithium ```
71
Ethylene glycol antidote
fomepazole (4MP) alcohol dialysis
72
Methanol OD antidote
fomepazole (4MP) alcohol dialysis
73
Nitrites antidote
Methylene blue
74
Organophosphates OD: Rx
Atropine | 2-PAM
75
What antidote is contraindicated with which anticholinergic OD
Physiostigmine contraindicated in TCA overdose
76
How to calculate osms
2xNa + Glucose/18 + BUN/2.8 + ETOH/4.6 | Should be 280-295
77
How to evaluate lateral neck xray in kids
Anterior to C3-4 should be
78
What should osmolar gap be?
79
INH OD: Rx
Pyridoxine (B6)
80
Iron OD: Rx
Deferoxamine
81
Anticholineric toxidrome: si/sx
``` Blind as a bat Hot as a hare Mad as a hatter Red as a beet Dry as a bone ```
82
What drugs is dialysis good for?
``` BLIST MED Barbituates Lithium INH, Iron Salicylates Theophyline Methanol Ethylene glycol Depakote ```
83
Arsenic OD: Rx
BAL, DMS
84
Barbituate OD: Rx
Alkaline diuresis | Dialysis
85
Carbamate antidote
Atropine
86
Mercury antidote
BAL, DMS
87
Methemoglobin antidote
Methylene blue
88
Rank the alcohols in terms of toxicity
1. Methanol 2. Ethylene glycol 3. Ispropyl alcohol 4. Ethanol
89
Radio-opaque drugs
``` CHIPES Cholorhydrate Heavy metals Iron Phenothyazines Enteric coated Solvents ```
90
Indications for dialysis
``` AEIOU Acidosis Electrolytes Ingestions Overload Uremic symptoms ```

ABEM Recert Exam 2015 (7 decks)

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