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ABEM Recert Exam 2015 > ABEM Recert Exam pt. 5 > Flashcards

ABEM Recert Exam pt. 5 Flashcards

1
Q

Microscopic polyangitis (MPA): si/sx

A

Glomerulonephritis

Pulmonary hemorrhage

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2
Q

Microscopic polyangitis (MPA): Rx

A

Steroids

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3
Q

Wegner’s granulomatosis: New name

A

Granulomatosis with polyangitis

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4
Q

C-ANCA: What is it seen with?

A

Granulomatosis with polyangitis (formerly Wegner’s granulomatosis)

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5
Q

Granulomatosis with polyangitis: Pathophysiology

A

Necrotizing vasculitis affecting lungs and kidneys

Formerly called Wegner’s granulomatosis

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6
Q

Goodpasture’s syndrome: Pathophysiology

A

Lung and kidney involvement

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7
Q

HSP: Pathophysiology

A

Arteriole vasculitis

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8
Q

HSP: Typical patient affected

A

Males 6-11yo

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9
Q

HSP: When does it usually occur?

A

After a viral syndrome

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10
Q

Acute retroviral syndrome: si/sx

A

Flu-like illness 1-2 weeks after exposure to HIV

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11
Q

When does HIV seroconversion occur?

A

4-6 weeks after exposure

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12
Q

Most common intracerebral mass in HIV (+) patient

A

Toxoplasmosis

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13
Q

PCP: What is it now called?

A

Pneumocystis jiroveci

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14
Q

Leading cause of AIDS mortality

A

Pneumocystis jiroveci (formerly called PCP)

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15
Q

Which transplant(s) doesn’t have potential for rejection?

A

Bone marrow is only one

BUT, can have life-threatening graft-vs-host disease

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16
Q

Rheumatic Fever: How to dx

A

Jones criteria
2 major & 1 minor OR
1 major & 2 minor

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17
Q

Jones criteria: Major

A 
JONES
Joint involvement (polyarteritis)
O (looks like heart) Myocarditis
Nodules, subcutaneous
Erythema marginatum
Sydenham chorea
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18
Q

Kawasaki’s disease: Phases

A
  1. Acute phase, lasts 1-2 weeks, CRASH
  2. Subacute phase, lasts 2-4 weeks (Thrombocytosis, desquamation of rash, resolution of fever)
  3. Convalescent phase (2+ months) coronary artery aneurysms
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19
Q

Bacterial tracheitis: Who does it usually affect?

A

Ages 1-5 yo

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20
Q

Upper c-spine injuries are (MORE/LESS) common in kids

A

Upper more common

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21
Q

Lower c-spine injuries are (MORE/LESS) common in kids

A

Lower c-spine injuries are more common in >8yo and adults (kids have large, floppy heads)

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22
Q

Waddles triad: What is it & when is it seen?

A

Injuries seen from pedestrian getting hit while crossing the road:

  1. Femur fracture
  2. Chest/upper abdominal injury
  3. c/l head injury
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23
Q

Massive hemothorax in kids: Definition

A

> 10 ml/kg initial output from chest tube
OR
2 ml/kg/hr ongoing output from chest tube

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24
Q

RBCs and FFP: Transfusion does in kids

A

10 ml/kg

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25
Q

Simple febrile sz: Definition

A

Age 6mo - 5y

Lasts

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26
Q

Differential dx for altered MS in newborns

A 
THE MISFITS
Trauma
Hypovolemia
Electrolyte abnormalities
Metabolic abnormalities
Inborn errors of metabolism
Sepsis
Formula (over/underdilution)
Intestinal cautastrophies
Toxins
Seizures
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27
Q

Leg-Calve Perthes disease: Who is it seen in?

A

Age 5-9yo

Boys > girls

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28
Q

Leg-Calve Perthes disease: Definition

A

AVN of the femoral head

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29
Q

Salter-Harris fracture classification

A 
I: physis (growth plate) SLIPPED
II: metaphysis only (ABOVE)
III: epiphysis only (LOWER)
IV: metaphysis, physis, and epiphysis (THROUGH)
V: crush of physis (ERADICATED)
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30
Q

MCC of death in US

A

Ischemic heart disease

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31
Q

Most common valve affected in endocarditis

A

Mitral vavle (unless IVDA, then tricuspid)

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32
Q

MCC of valvular heart disease

A

Rheumatic fever

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33
Q

MCC of post partum hemorrhage

A

Uterine atony

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34
Q

MCC of pneumonia

A

Strep pneumo

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35
Q

MCC of upper GI bleed

A

PUD

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36
Q

MCC of lower GI bleed

A

Upper GI bleed, then diverticulosis

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37
Q

MCC of surgical abdomen in the elderly

A

Cholecystitis

38
Q

MCC of pancreatitis

A

Gallstones & alcohol

39
Q

MCC of SBO in adults

40
Q

MCC of large bowel obstructions in adults

41
Q

MCC of bowel obstruction in pregnancy

A

Cecal volvulus

42
Q

MCC of hernia in women

A

Inguinal (not femoral)

43
Q

MCC of bowel perforation

A

Diverticulitis

44
Q

MCC of bowel obstruction in kids 3mo - 6y

A

Intussusception

45
Q

MCC of diarrhea

A

Viral (norovirus in adults, rotovirus in kids)

46
Q

MCC of diarrhea in HIV

A

Cryptosporidium

47
Q

MCC of travelers diarrhea

48
Q

MCC of death in sickle cell patients

49
Q

Most common inherited coagulation disorder

A

von Willebrands

50
Q

Most common vision threatening infection in HIV

51
Q

Most common AIDS defining condition in US

A

PCP pneumonia (now called pneumocystis jeroveci)

52
Q

MCC of hypercalcemia

A

Primary hyperparathyroidism

53
Q

MCC of septic joint

54
Q

Most common STD in US

55
Q

Most common type of kidney stone

A

Calcium oxalate

56
Q

Most common site of kidney stone impaction

57
Q

Most common gynecologic cancer

58
Q

Most common abdominal organ injured in blunt trauma

59
Q

Most common abdominal organ injured in penetrating trauma

60
Q

MCC of pericarditis

61
Q

Most common area for mandible fracture

62
Q

Most common surgical abdomen in all age groups

A

Apendicitis

63
Q

MCC of peds death over 1 yo

64
Q

MCC of maternal death in pregnancy

65
Q

MCC of sepsis in elderly

66
Q

Tox substances not bound by charcoal

A 
Caustics
Hydrocarbons (e.g. gasoline)
Lithium
Iron
Cyanide
Alcohols
Acids/alkalais
67
Q

Contraindications to charcoal

A

Caustics
Ileus
Obstruction

68
Q

When to use multidose charcoal

A 
Extended release meds
Salicylates
Theophylline
Phenobarbital
Carbemazapine
69
Q

Cyanide OD: Rx

A

Sodium nitrite
Sodium thiosulfate
Hydrocobalamin

70
Q

When to use whole bowel irrigation

A 
Extended release
Body packers
Bezors
Iron
Lead 
Lithium
71
Q

Ethylene glycol antidote

A

fomepazole (4MP)
alcohol
dialysis

72
Q

Methanol OD antidote

A

fomepazole (4MP)
alcohol
dialysis

73
Q

Nitrites antidote

A

Methylene blue

74
Q

Organophosphates OD: Rx

A

Atropine

2-PAM

75
Q

What antidote is contraindicated with which anticholinergic OD

A

Physiostigmine contraindicated in TCA overdose

76
Q

How to calculate osms

A

2xNa + Glucose/18 + BUN/2.8 + ETOH/4.6

Should be 280-295

77
Q

How to evaluate lateral neck xray in kids

A

Anterior to C3-4 should be

78
Q

What should osmolar gap be?

79
Q

INH OD: Rx

A

Pyridoxine (B6)

80
Q

Iron OD: Rx

A

Deferoxamine

81
Q

Anticholineric toxidrome: si/sx

A 
Blind as a bat
Hot as a hare
Mad as a hatter
Red as a beet
Dry as a bone
82
Q

What drugs is dialysis good for?

A 
BLIST MED
Barbituates
Lithium
INH, Iron
Salicylates
Theophyline
Methanol
Ethylene glycol
Depakote
83
Q

Arsenic OD: Rx

84
Q

Barbituate OD: Rx

A

Alkaline diuresis

Dialysis

85
Q

Carbamate antidote

86
Q

Mercury antidote

87
Q

Methemoglobin antidote

A

Methylene blue

88
Q

Rank the alcohols in terms of toxicity

A
  1. Methanol
  2. Ethylene glycol
  3. Ispropyl alcohol
  4. Ethanol
89
Q

Radio-opaque drugs

A 
CHIPES
Cholorhydrate
Heavy metals
Iron
Phenothyazines
Enteric coated
Solvents
90
Q

Indications for dialysis

A 
AEIOU
Acidosis
Electrolytes
Ingestions
Overload
Uremic symptoms

ABEM Recert Exam 2015 (7 decks)

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