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KNES259 > Abdominopelvic cavity > Flashcards

Abdominopelvic cavity Flashcards

1
Q

General function

A

-contraction of muscular roof, floor, walls of “container”
-increases intra-abdominal pressure
-aids in expiration
-aids in expulsion of fluid, flatus, feces, and fetuses

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1
Q

Respiratory diaphragm

A

-closes inferior thoracic aperture
-separates abdominopelvic cavity from thoracic cavity

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2
Q

Respiratory diaphragm attaches to:

A

-osteological boundaries of inferior thoracic aperture (costal margin, xiphoid process, floating ribs)
-superior lumbar vertebrae

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3
Q

Structure of resp diaphragm

A

-Right dome contains liver and pushes upwards
-Left dome is pushed down by heart
-Contains central tendon, sternal muscle, costal muscle, lumbar muscl
-Right and left crus
-Apertures

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4
Q

Crus

A

Musculoteninous bands arising from lumbar vertebrae and anchor resp diaphragm to lumbar vertebrae

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5
Q

Caval opening

A

-Inferior vena cava
-Most anterior
-Level T8

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6
Q

Esophageal hiatus

A

-Esophagus
-Middle
-Level T10

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7
Q

Aortic hiatus

A

-Aorta
-Located between crus
-Opening posterior to diaphragm
-Not a true opening

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8
Q

Respiratory diaphragm during inspiration

A

-Contracts, flattening domes
-Domes descend
-Increases vertical dimension of thoracic cage
-Allows inspired air to fill lungs

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9
Q

Respiratory diaphragm increasing intra-abdominal pressure

A

-Contraction increases IA pressure
-Increases IA pressure pushes diaphragm back upwards
-Results in forced expiration

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10
Q

Inferior vena cava and central tendon during inspiration

A

-IVC adheres to caval opening
-Central tendon pulls and widens caval opening
-Dilates inferior vena cava
-Facilitates blood flow back to heart

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11
Q

What happens to esophagus during inspiration?

A

-Muscular lumbar part contracts and constricts esophagus

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12
Q

Superficial to deep layers of abdominal wall

A

-Skin
-Subcutaneous tissue
-Muscles and aponeuroses, deep fascia
-Transversalis fascia
-Extraperitoneal fat
-Parietal peritoneum

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13
Q

Flat muscles of abdominal wall

A

-External obliques
-Internal obliqyes
-Transversus abdominis

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14
Q

Vertical muscle of abdominal wall

A

-Rectus abdominis
-Pyramydalis

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15
Q

Aponeurosis

A

sheet of white fibrous tissue that takes the place of a tendon in flat muscles having a wide area of attachment

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16
Q

Rectus sheath

A

encloses vertical muscle (rectus abdominis)

17
Q

Inguinal ligament

A

-ASIS to pubic crest
-Folding of EO aponeurosies
-Serves as flexor retinaculum

18
Q

Linea alba

A

-midline raphe (suture, seam)
-intersection of bilateral aponeuroses from all 3 flat muscles
-xiphoid process to pubic symphyses

19
Q

What makes up the anterior wall of the rectus sheath?

A

Above arcuate line:
-External oblique
-Internal oblique

Below arcuate line:
-External oblique
-Internal oblique
-Transversus abdominis

20
Q

What makes up the posterior wall of the rectus sheath?

A

-Internal oblique
-Transversus abdominis

21
Q

Parietal peritoneum

A

the lining that is around the abdominal cavity

22
Q

Tendinous intersections

A

-anchors rectus abdominis to rectus sheet
-creates 6 pack look

23
Q

Function of abdominal muscles

A

-Support and protect adnominal viscera
-Maintain or increase intra-abdominal pressure
-Elevates diaphragm during expiration
-Compresses abdominal viscera for expulsion and blood flow (IVC)
-Relaxes to accomodate movement of diaphragm during inspiration
-Moves trunk (RAL flexion of trunk, EO/IO: rotation, lateral flexion)

24
Q

What does the pelvic diaphragm close? What does it separate?

A

-The pelvic outlet
-Separates abdominopelvic cavity from perineum

25
Q

Where is the pelvic diaphragm found?

A

-Within the lesser (true) pelvis

26
Q

What is the tendinous arch of obturator fascia?

A

Thickening of fascia on muscle

27
Q

What are the two different muscles in the pelvic diaphragm?

A

-(Ischio)coccygeus
-Levator ani

28
Q

What are the three parts of the levator ani?

A

-Iliococcygeus
-Pubococcygeus
-Puborectalis

29
Q

Of the different muscles of the pelvic diaphragm, which muscle is tapered medially and broad laterally?

A

Iliococcygeus

30
Q

Of the different muscles of the pelvic diaphragm, which muscle is tapered laterally and broad laterally?

A

(Ischio)coccygeus

31
Q

Sustained contraction of pelvic diaphragm?

A

-Supports abdominopelvic viscera
-Maintains urinary and fecal continence

32
Q

Active contraction of pelvic diaphragm?

A

Primarily: increases support to abdominopelvic viscera during moments of increase IA pressure (coughing or sneezing)

Secondarily: increases IA pressure to aid expulsion

33
Q

Rectal hiatus

A

space for rectum/anus

34
Q

Urogenital hiatus

A

passage of urogenital viscera

35
Q

What is the roof, walls and floor of the abdonminopelvic cavity?

A

Roof: respiratory diaphragm
Walls: anterolateral and posterior abdominal walls
Floor: pelvic diaphragm

36
Q

The esophageal hiatus allows the travel of the esophagus from the ________ to the ________

A

thorax to abdomen

37
Q

The caval opening allows the travel of the inferior vena cava from the _________ to the ___________

A

Abdomen to thorax

38
Q

The aortic hiatus allows the travel of the aorta from the ________ to the __________

A

Travel from above to the abdomen posterior to the diaphragm

39
Q

What conveys blood to the respiratory diaphragm?

A

Pericardiacophrenic artery

40
Q

The aponeuroses of the external obliques, internal obliques, and transversus abdominis form the _________, __________, and _________

A

Linea alba, inguinal ligament, rectus sheath

41
Q

Inferior to the arcuate line, the ___________________ lines the posterior aspect of rectus abdominis.

A

Transversalis fascia

KNES259 (6 decks)

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