Abdominal wall, surface anatomy Flashcards
how many anatomical regions of Abdomen?
9 anatomical regions
What are the areas 2 vertical lines divide the abdomen?
- Mid-clavicular point
2. Mid inguinal canal ( midway between the pubic symphysis and anterior superior iliac spine)
What are the areas 2 horizontal lines divide the abdomen?
upper transverse line= subcostal plane (lowest part of costal margins)
Lower transverse line=intertubercular plane (the line between tubercles of iliac crests)
What level will be a transpyloric plane (upper line) will be inline to?
L1
9th or 10th costal cartilage
What structures lie in a transpyloric plane?
Pancreas kidney Stomach
Liver Gall bladder
What vertebrae inline with transtubercular plane?
L4
What bifurcates at L4?
The aortic bifurcation is the point at which the abdominal aorta bifurcates (forks) into the left and right common iliac arteries. The aortic bifurcation is usually seen at the level of L4, just above the junction of the left and right common iliac veins
What is intercristal space?
It is the highest point of the iliac crest
What level intercristal plane will be found?
between L4 and L5
L4 is the landmark for Lumbar puncture and aorta divides here also the epidural site
Where does the spinal cord end?
The spinal cord usually ends at L1 or L2 vertebrae.
Where lies the transpyloric plane?
Lies midway between the jugular notch of the sternum and upper border of the pubic symphysis.
Where lies transtubercular plane?
It joins iliac crest
What are the 3 sheets of the muscle of the rectus sheath?
- External oblique (obliquely downwards and inwards)
- Internal oblique (obliquely upwards and inwards)
- Transversus abdominis (transversely)
What are the origin of external oblique?
Lower 8 ribs (5-12)
what is the insertion of external oblique?
becomes aponeurotic and attaches to xiphoid process linea alba pubic crest, pubic tubercle iliac crest
What is the function of external oblique?
flexes and rotates trunk
pulls down ribs in forced expiration
What nerves supply to external oblique?
T6-T12 spinal nerves
What nerves supply to internal oblique?
T6-T12 spinal nerves
iliohypogastric
ilioinguinal nerves
What is the origin of internal oblique?
Thoracolumbar fascia
iliac crest
lateral two-third of inguinal ligament
What is the insertion for internal oblique?
ribs 10-12 and costal cartilages
linea alba
pubic symphysis
forms conjoint tendon with transverses abdominis
What is the function or action of internal oblique?
assist in flexing and rotating the trunk
pulls down ribs in forced expiration
What is the nerve supply to transversus abdominis?
spinal nerves T6-T12
iliohypogastric
ilioinguinal nerves
What is the origin for TAbdominis?
lower 6 costal cartilages
thoracolumbar fascia
iliac crest
lateral third of inguinal ligament
What is the insertion for Tabdominis?
Xiphoid process
linea alba
pubic symphysis
forms conjoint tendon with internal oblique
