Abdominal Wall And peritoneum Flashcards
Abdominal regions
Midclavicular lines
Subcostal L3
Inter tubercular L5
Abdominal nerves
Lateral cutaneous, anterior cutaneous
Iliohypogastric
External oblique
O: lower 8 ribs and runs inferior and anterior
I: lines alba and ilac crest
I: ventral rami T7-T12
BL trunk flexion, increase abdominal pressure, unilateral contraction causes CL rotation
Internal oblique
O: thoracolumbar fascia, iliac crest, inguinal lig
I: lines alba and lower 3-4 ribs
I: ventral rami T7-T12
BL trunk flexion, increase abdominal pressure, unilateral contraction causes ipsilateral rotation
Transversus abdominis
O: lower 6 ribs, thoracolumbar fascia, iliac crest, inguinal ligament
I: linea alba
I: ventral rami T7-T12
Prime mover to increase abdominal pressure
Rectus abdominis
O: pubic crest
I: coastal cartilage 5-7 and xiphoid process
I: ventral rami T7-T12
Prime trunk flexion and posterior pelvic tilt
External oblique aponeurosis superior borders
Asia to pubic tubercle
rectus sheath upper 2/3 vs lower 1/3
Anterior upper 2/3
1.5 aponeurotic layers
- external oblique and 1/2 internal
Posterior upper 2/3
1.5 layers
- 1/2 internal and transversus abdominis aponeurosis
Lower 1/3
Only anterior as internal, external oblique and transversus abdominis go in front
Transversalis fascia is the only posterior covering
Inguinal canal border and contents
Parallel and immediately superior to middle 1/3 inguinal ligament
Deep inguinal ring (opening in transversalis fascia) to superficial inguinal ring (opening in external oblique aponeurosis)
In men: spermatic cord
Females: round ligament of uterus
Peritoneum and the 2 layers
Serous membrane in abdomen and pelvic region that lubricates and facilitates movement
- parental: lining inner abdomen or partially covering viscera
- visceral: surrounding abdominal pelvic viscera
Parietal cavities
The space between parietal and visceral peritoneum
- lesser sac: small chamber posterior to stomach
- greater sac: large space containing most abdominopelvic viscera
- epiploic foramen of Winslow: connection between lesser and greater sac
Mesentary reflections
From small intestine to posterior abdominal wall
Mesocolon reflection
Transverse - transverse colon to posterior abdominal wall
Sigmoid - sigmoid colon to posterior abdominal wall
Omentum
Lesser- inferior surface of liver to lesser curvature of stomach
Greater - greater curvature of stomach (then reflects on itself) and attached to posterior abdominal wall
peritoneal ligaments
Coronary: Superior liver to inferior diaphragm
Gastrohepatic: aka lesser omentum
Gastrosplenic
Gastrocolic: Stomach to transverse colon
Part of the greater omentum
Splenorenak
Falciform: liver to posterior surface of anterior abdominal wall
Intraperitoneal organs
Invested by visceral peritoneum and attached to posterior abdominal wall with reflection
Stomach
Jejunum/ileum
Transverse colon
Sigmoid colon
Liver
Spleen
Utterus
Retroperitoneal organ
Fixed to posterior abdominal wall via parietal peritoneum
Duodenum
Ascending and descending colon
Rectum
Pancreas
Kidney
Bladder
Vaginal canal
Esophagus anatomical relation
Tranchea anterior and arch of aorta Left
Stomach region and relation
L hypochondrium and epigastric
Ant: liver
Posterior: pancreas, spleen and L kidney
Intraperitoneal
Duodenum
Epigastric region
Head of pancreas, IVC, abdominal aorta
Retro
Jejunum & Ileum
Jejunum coils in umbilicus and ileum in hypo gastric
Jejunum: ascending and descending colon, ileum, transverse colon
Ileum: ascending and descending colon, sigmoid, uterus and bladder
Both infra
Cecum
Entrance: iliocecal valve
Right iliac region
Appendix attached
Ascending colon
Tania coli = longitudinal smooth muscle in 3 bundles (contraction —> haustra coli)
Right iliac
Small intestine, liver, R kidney
Retro
Transverse colon
Hepatic flexture —> splenic flexture
R & L hypochondrium, umbilical
Spleen, liver and small intestine
Infra
