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Placement > Abdominal Pain > Flashcards

Abdominal Pain Flashcards

1
Q

What is Gastroenteritis?

A

Inflamed gastrointestinal tract due to infection, usually a virus

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2
Q

Signs and Symptoms of Gastroenteritis

A
  • Cramping intermittent pain in epigastric region
  • Nausea, vomiting
  • Diarrhoea
  • Pyrexia, fever
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3
Q

Clinical Findings of Gastroenteritis

A
  • Pyrexia
  • Epigastric tenderness
  • Symptoms usually last between 24-48 hours
  • Mild to moderate dehydration
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4
Q

What is an Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm (AAA)

A

Occurs when plaque build up eventually bursting the wall.

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5
Q

Signs and Symptoms of Triple A

A
  • Sudden onset of intense abdo pain/lower back pain
  • Pain can radiate to buttocks/pelvis/legs
  • SOB
  • Faints, dizziness, LOC
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6
Q

Clinical Findings for Triple A

A
  • Pulsating mass in umbilical region on palpation
  • Pale, clammy skin
  • Hypotension
  • Tachypnoea
  • Tachycardia
  • Reduced SpO2
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7
Q

What is an Ectopic Pregnancy?

A

When a fertilised egg implant and grows outside the main cavity

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8
Q

Signs and Symptoms of an Ectopic Pregnancy

A
  • Sharp waves of pain in the abdomen pelvis, shoulder or neck
  • PV bleeding
  • Syncope episodes
  • Dizziness and shoulder tip pain
  • History of pelvic inflammatory disease
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9
Q

Clinical Findings for Ectopic Pregnancy

A
  • Hypotension
  • Tachycardia
  • Tachypnoea
  • Increased rerspiratoy rate
  • Global abdominal tenderness
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10
Q

What is Appendicitis?

A

Inflammatory of the appendix. Most likely cause due to blockage in the lining of the appendix.

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11
Q

Signs and Symptoms of Appendicitis

A
  • nitially cramping umbilical abdominal pain
  • Pain radiates into right iliac fossa over time
  • Fever
  • Nausea/vomiting
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12
Q

Clinical Findings for Appendicitis

A
  • Pyrexia
  • Right lower quadrant tenderness
  • Umbilical tenderness
  • Positive McBurney sign
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13
Q

What is Acute Gastritis/Peptic Ulcers?

A

Gastritis is a general term for a group of conditions, all with stomach lining inflammation. Gastritis mostly caused by infection

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14
Q

Signs and Symptoms of Acute Gastritis

A
  • Burning pain in epigastric abdominal region
  • Fever nausea, vomiting
  • Risk Factors - smoking, alcohol, recreational drug misuse, long term anti-inflammatory drug use
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15
Q

Clinical Findings of Acute Gastritis

A
  • Umbilical and epigastric tenderness
  • Complications may lead to GI bleeding causing melena *black, tarry stool) and hematemesis (vomiting blood)
  • GI bleedings may hypovolemia including tachycardia, tachypnoea and hypotension
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16
Q

What is Cholecystitis (Gall Bladder)?

A

Inflammation of the gallbladder mostly caused by gallstones blocking the tubes leading out your gall bladder. This causes build up causing inflammation. Other causes include bile duct issues, tumours and infection. If untreated will rupture.

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17
Q

Signs and Symptoms of Cholecystitis

A
  • Severe right upper quadrant abdominal pain
  • Described as dull cramp/sharp pain
  • Can radiate into shoulders shoulders/back
  • Fever, nausea, vomiting and abdominal bloating
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18
Q

Clinical Findings of Cholecystitis

A
  • Pyrexia
  • Upper right quadrant tenderness
  • Positive Murphy’s test
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19
Q

What is Pacreatitis?

A

Inflammation of the pancreas. When enzymes irritate the cells. Repeated bouts can lead to chronic pancreatitis where scar tissue limits function causing digestive problems.

20
Q

Signs and Symptoms of Pancreatitis

A
  • Upper right quadrant or global abdominal pain
  • Dull ache that radiates from abdomen to the back like a band
  • Risk Factors - alcoholism, smoking, obesity + family history
21
Q

Clinical Findings of Pancreatitis

A
  • Global abdominal tenderness
  • Blue tinged colouring of the skin on the abdominal right flank
  • Bloated abdomen
22
Q

What is Diverticulitis?

A

Gastrointestinal disease characterised by inflammation of abnormal pouches called diverticula. Develops when weak parts of the colon are put under pressure. Diverticulitis is where a tear results in inflammation/infection

23
Q

Signs and Symptoms of Diverticulitis

A
  • Lower left quadrant abdominal pain
  • Diarrhoea/constipation
  • Abdominal bloating
  • PR bleedin
24
Q

Clinical Findings of Diverticulitis

A
  • Lower distended abdomen
  • Lower left quadrant tenderness
  • Streaks of blood in stools
25
Q

What is Chron’s Disease/U?lcerative Colitis?

A

Both inflammatory, bowel diseases (IBD). Causes long lasting inflammation and ulcers in digestive tract. Can affect every part of tract (mouth 2 rectum). Symptoms develop over time.

26
Q

Sign and Symptoms of Chron’s Disease/Ulcerative Colitis

A
  • Global cramping abdominal pain
  • Intermittent in nature
  • Mouth ulcers
  • PR bleeding and pain when emptying bowels
27
Q

Clinical Findings of Chron’s Disease/Ulcerative Colitis

A
  • Global cramping abdominal pain
  • Intermittent in nature
  • Mouth ulcers
  • PR bleeding and pain when emptying bowels
28
Q

Clinical Findings of Chron’s Disease/Ulcerative Colitis

A
  • Maybe pyrexia
  • Global abdominal tenderness
  • Bloated/distended abdomen
29
Q

What are Urinary Tract Infection’s (UTI’s)?

A

Infection of urinary system in the kidney, ureters, bladder or urethra. Occurs when bacteria enters urinary tract. The most common are cystitis (bladder) and urethritis (urethra)

30
Q

Signs and Symptoms of UTI

A
  • Suprapubic abdominal pain
  • Lower back pain around kidney area
  • Urine abnormalities; pain when passing , odour, increased urge, reduced output
  • Fever
  • Confusion in the elderly
31
Q

Clinical Findings of UTI

A
  • Suprapubic abdominal pain
  • Lower back tenderness
  • Pyrexia
  • New onset of confusion
32
Q

What is a Bowel Obstruction?

A

Internal blockage stopping liquid or food from passings through your intestines. Causes can include adhesions from surgery, chrons disease, diverticulitis, hernias and colon cancer

33
Q

Signs and Symptoms of Bowel Obstruction

A
  • Global abdominal pain/bloating
  • Constipation, loss off appetite, abdominal distention
  • Complete obstruction can = faecal vomiting/diarrhoea
34
Q

Clinical Findings of Bowel Obstructions

A
  • Distended abdomen
  • Hyperactive bowel sounds
  • Abdomen firm on palpation
  • Reduced bowel movements
35
Q

What is Peritonitis?

A

The peritoneum is a membrane that lines your inner abdominal walls and covers the organs within your abdomen. Its inflammation of your peritoneum. Can be caused by bacteria entering a ruptured wall.

36
Q

Signs and Symptoms of Peritonitis

A
  • Severe and debilitating global abdo pain
  • Sudden onset
  • Distended abdomen and reduced urine output
37
Q

Clinical Findings of Peritonitis

A
  • Extreme global abdo tenderness (patient often refuses assessment from pain)
  • Pyrexia
38
Q

What is Pelvic Inflammatory Disease?

A

Infection of female reproductive organs. Occurs from STD bacteria spreading to your uterus, fallopian tubes or ovaries

39
Q

Signs and Symptoms of Pelvic Inflammatory Disease

A
  • Pain in suprapubic region, lower back and pelvis
  • Foul smelling vaginal discharge and bleeding during intercourse
  • Pain when urinating
40
Q

Clinical Findings of Pelvic Inflammatory Disease

A
  • Suprapubic, lower left/right quadrant tenderness
  • Lower back tenderness
41
Q

What is Endometriosis?

A

Affects female reproductive organs where the endometrium tissue grows outside the uterus lining. Very painful.

42
Q

Signs and Symptoms of Endometriosis

A
  • Cramping abdominal pain
  • Prolonged periods
  • Pain during intercourse
  • Pain when emptying bowels
43
Q

Clinical Findings of Endometriosis

A
  • Global abdo and lower back tenderness
  • Examination limited in ambulance setting
44
Q

What are Ovarian Cysts?

A

Fluid filled sacs in or on an ovary. Risk factors include hormonal changes, fertility drug use and a history of endometriosis.

45
Q

Signs and Symptoms of Ovarian Cysts

A
  • Abdominal pain that radiates into the pelvis and thigh region
  • PV bleeding
  • An inability to empty bowels or bladder
  • Breast tenderness
46
Q

Clinical Findings of Ovarian Cysts

A
  • Global tenderness in abdo and lower back
  • Full pelic examination may reveal lump
  • If cyst becomes twisted or ruptures can cause fever, nausea
47
Q

Female Causes of Abdominal Pain

A
  • UTI’s
  • Pelvic Inflammatory Disease
  • Endometriosis
  • Ovarian Cysts
  • Ectopic Pregnancy

Placement (9 decks)

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