Abdominal Masses Flashcards
Anorexia? Malena? Frank blood in stools? dysuria? Pyuria Haematuria pneumaturia
Loss of appetite dark stools - altered blood bright red blood painful micturition pus in urine blood in urine air bubbles in urine
What can cause prominent veins over the abdomen?
Blockage of IVC
Describe the movement of retro-peritoneal and masses in the messentery
RP will be fixed (difficult to feel unless very large)
Mesentery = move only obliquely
What causes expansile pulsating masses?
Blood vessel e.g. aortic aneurysm
What does a fluctuation in a mass mean
It is full of fluid
What are tender masses often due to
Infection or impending rupture e.g. AA, appendicular abcess
What does no bowel sounds indicate
Paralytic ileus
What does increased bowel sounds mean
mechanical bowel obstruction
Indirect investigations of a mass? (6)
X-ray, US, CT, MRI, contrast studies, radio-isotope scans
What contrast study can be used to examine the kidneys, bladder and uterus
Intra-venous urogram
What contrast study can be used to look at the stomach, duodenum and a small intestine
Barium meal
What type of enemas do you get
Double contrast barium enema (using barium sulphate and air) Gastrographin enema (water soluble medium)
What can be used to look at the venous outline
Angiography
what radio-isotope scan can be used to look at the gall bladder and liver
Hepatobiliary IminoDiacetic Acid scan
Radio-isotope scan for bones
Tc99
What radio-isotope scan for thyroid and secondaries
radio iodine I131
What contrast is used to show up highly vascular and inflamed areas
Gallium 67
What type of direct investigations are there (4)
Endoscopy
laparoscopy
Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangio-Pancreatography
biopsy
Types of rigid endoscopy
Sigmoidoscope
Cystoscope
Proctoscope
Types of flexible endoscopy
cystoscope
gastroscope
colonoscope
Types of biopsy
Open, needle, endoscopic
What doesEndoscopic Retorgrade Cholangio-Pancreatography show
pancreatic and bile ducts pathology
How to classify abdominal masses by anatomy (3)
Anatomical:
intra-periotneal
extra-peritoneal
retro-peritoneal
How to classify abdominal masses according to cause (6)
Causes: congenital neoplastic infectious inflammatory traumatic degenerative
How to classify abdominal masses according to clinical course (2)
clinical course:
acute
chronic
How to classify abdominal masses according to original tissue or organ (9)
Original tissue or organ: gastro-intestinal hepato-biliary pancreatic splenic vascular urologic gynaecologic neurogenic connective tissue
