Abdominal Examination things to know before the exam Flashcards
1
Q
What are the gastrointestinal causes of clubbing
A
- cirrhosis
- IBD
- Coeliac disease
2
Q
What are the causes of leukonychia
A
- Hypoalbuminaemia - Liver disease, nephrotic syndrome, malabsorption/malnutrition
3
Q
What are the causes of kolionychia
A
- IDA
4
Q
What causes palmar erythema in terms of physiology and medical causes
A
- Hyperdyanmic circulation due to excess oestrogen in chronic or severe acute live disease
- pregnancy, thyrotoxicosis, RA, drug-induced
5
Q
What causes Dupuytren’s contracture
A
- familial, cirrhosis (particularly alcoholic)
6
Q
What are the causes of flapping tremor
A
- hepatic encephalopathy
7
Q
What causes a slate like appearance of the skin
A
- Haemochromatosis
8
Q
What causes mucosal pallor of conjunctiva
A
anaemia
9
Q
What are you looking for in the eyes
A
- mucosal pallor of conductive
- jaundice of sclera
- red sclera
- corneal arcus
- kayser-Fleisher rings
- xanthelasma
10
Q
What causes bad breath
A
- Fetor Hepaticus - sweet feculent smelling breathing, late sign in liver failure and hepatic encephalopathy
- Ketosis - sickly sweet pear drop smelling breath
- uraemia - fishy smelling breath
- bowel obstruction - feculent smelling breath
11
Q
What causes glossitis
A
- vitamin B12/folate deficiencies
12
Q
What causes macroglossia
A
- amlyoidiosis, acromegaly, hypothyroidism, Down syndrome, malignancy
