Abdominal Anatomy Flashcards
Distal section of the stomach
antrum
Supplementary or dependent part attached to a main
structure, located in right lower quadrant
appendix
Extending from the cecum to the upper abdominal
area, on patient’s right
ascending colon
Pouch or cul-de-sac of the ascending colon connected
to the distal small bowel (ileum)
cecum
This comprises the main length of the large intestine and is
responsible for water absorption. It is divided into four
sections, lies distal to the cecum, and proximal to the
rectum
colon
Extending from the upper to the lower abdominal
area, on patient’s left
descending colon
Proximal portion of the small bowel; it connects to the
distal stomach
duodenum
Pear-shaped reservoir for bile; lies just posteriorly to the liver
gallbladder
Blood supply to and from the rectum; branch off of the
inferior mesenteric artery and vein
hemorrhoidal or gonadal vessels
A depression or pit at that part of an organ where the
major vessels and nerves enter
hilum
The vessels that enter an organ through the hilum
hiler vessels
Distal portion of the small intestine
ileum
Located between the ileum and cecum, it controls passage of
fluid waste from the small bowel to the colon
ileocecal valve
Blood supply to and from the ileum (distal small bowel) and
cecum (proximal colon), branch off of the inferior
mesenteric artery and vein
ileocecal vessels
IMA (general)
Inferior mesenteric artery
Blood supply to and from the left colon, sigmoid colon, and rectum
inferior mesenteric artery and vein
Small bowel that extends between the duodenum and ileum
jejunum
Name the three sections of the small intestine / small bowel from cranial to cordal direction
Duodenum, jejunum, ilium
Most distal/caudal portion of the stomach. What are the three parts?
Pylorus.
Pyloric antrum, pyloric canal, pyloric sphincter
Most proximal/cranial part of the stomach
Fundus
Name the two curvatures of the stomach
Greater and lesser curvature
Blood supply to and from the left (descending) colon; branch
off of the inferior mesenteric artery and vein
left colic vessels
Stores and filters blood; located in right upper quadrant
liver
Membranous fold attaching various organs to the body wall
and carrying the blood supply to these organs
mesentery
Blood supply to and from the transverse colon; branches
off of the superior mesenteric artery and vein
middle colic vessel
A peritoneal fold extending from the stomach to adjacent
organs in the abdominal cavity
omentum
Situated transversely behind the stomach; it produces
and secretes insulin directly into the bloodstream
pancreas
Junction point between the stomach and the duodenum
pylorus
A ring of muscles that controls the passage of food from the stomach into the duodenum
pyloric sphincter
Blood supply to and from the right (ascending) colon; branch
off of the superior mesenteric artery and vein
right colic vessels
The S-shaped end of the colon that leads into the rectum
sigmoid colon
Blood supply to and from the sigmoid colon; branch off of the inferior artery and vein
sigmoidal vessels
A coiled 20-foot-long tube that winds from the pyloric sphincter of the stomach to the beginning of the large intestine, filling much of the abdominal cavity, where the nutrients are removed from the bowel contents
small bowel
Located in the left upper quadrant; it breaks down the red blood cells and releases the hemoglobin
spleen
Lies between the esophagus and duodenum, stores food,
located in the upper left quadrant
stomach
Blood supply to and from the right colon, liver, stomach, spleen and small bowel
superior mesenteric artery and vein
Extending from one side of the abdomen to the other
transverse colon
The navel or belly button
umbilicus
General term for contents of the abdomen
viscera
falciform ligament
a double-layered extension of parietal peritoneum that sweeps off the anterior abdominal wall to divide the liver into the asymmetric left and right lobes.
Where is the right colic flexure. Sometimes called hepatic flexure.
Fold between the ascending and transverse colon. Near the liver.
Where is the left colic flexure. Sometimes called splenic flexure
Fold between transverse colon and descending (left) colon. Near the spleen.
Name the four lobes of the liver.
left, right, caudate and quadrate
How many functionally independent segments of the liver, all receiving their own blood supply & lymph drainage?
8
Explain parietal vs visceral peritoneum
Your parietal peritoneum lines your abdominal and pelvic walls and your visceral peritoneum wraps around your organs. Your peritoneal cavity is the space in between.
What is the Greater Sac of the Peritoneum?
Distal to the Lesser Sac, the greater sac is the larger portion of the peritoneal cavity and comprises the majority of the peritoneal cavity. It is further divided into two compartments by the mesentery of the transverse colon (known as the transverse mesocolon):
Supracolic compartment – lies above the transverse mesocolon and contains the stomach, liver and spleen.
Infracolic compartment – lies below the transverse mesocolon and contains the small intestine, ascending and descending colon. The infracolic compartment is further divided into left and right infracolic spaces by the mesentery of the small intestine.
What is the Lesser Sac of the Peritoneum?
Lesser Sac (Omental Bursa)
Proximal to the Greater Sac, the lesser sac lies posterior to the stomach and lesser omentum. It allows the stomach to move freely against the structures posterior and inferior to it.
The omental bursa is connected with the greater sac through an opening in the omental bursa – the epiploic foramen (of Winslow).
The epiploic foramen is situated posterior to the free edge of the lesser omentum (the hepatoduodenal ligament).
What is another name for Omental Bursa?
Lesser Sac (of the peritoneum)
The Greater Sac (of the Peritoneum) can be further divided into two compartments, name and describe what structures are housed in each compartment.
Supracolic compartment – lies above the transverse mesocolon and contains the stomach, liver and spleen.
Infracolic compartment – lies below the transverse mesocolon and contains the small intestine, ascending and descending colon. The infracolic compartment is further divided into left and right infracolic spaces by the mesentery of the small intestine.
What is ascites?
While the peritoneal cavity is ordinarily filled with only a thin film of fluid, it is referred to as a potential space because excess fluid can accumulate in it, resulting in the clinical condition of ascites
What is another term for Cephalad?
Hint: Used as an anatomical term when describing embryos.
Hint: Cephalic
Cranial
What is the ligament of Treitz?
The ligament of Treitz is a thin band of tissue (peritoneum) that connects and supports the end of the duodenum and beginning of the jejunum in the small intestine
What is another term for the Biliopancreatic limb?
Duodenum
The Roux limb is also known as the…
Jejunum
What are the benefits of the Lembert suture technique?
Designed to encourage wound-edge inversion. Creates a natural crease. Used to recreate the alar creases and define the helical rim. Also useful when recreating the mental crease.
What is the Alar Crease? Not really related to any of the procedures you have covered…
Area of external skin where nostril meets cheek… alar = nostril
What is the helical rim? Not relevant to cases you will be covering
Curvature of the external ear
What is the mental crease? Not relevant to cases you will be covering
Also known as the chin crease, is the horizontal crease that forms between the lower lip and above your chin. This crease is formed by the chin’s mentalis muscle and can be a single groove of varying depths, or in some people, may appear as multiple wrinkles or folds.
The surgical cutting open of the intestine.
Enterotomy
Surgical incision into the stomach.
Gastrotomy
The creation of an artificial external opening into the stomach for nutritional support or gastric decompression.
Gastrostomy
Endoscopy
Endo, a prefix from Greek ἔνδον endon meaning “within, inner, absorbing, or containing”.
An endoscope is a medical device with a light attached. It is used to look inside a body cavity or organ. The scope is inserted through a natural opening, such as the mouth during a bronchoscopy, or the rectum for a sigmoidoscopy. A medical procedure using any type of endoscope is called an endoscopy.
Name of dye agent used to visualise structures in surgery
Methylene Blue
What are cc a measure of?
Cubic centimeter = volume
1 cc = 1mL
They are just different names for the same volume. One milliliter equals exactly one cubic centimeter.
What is the Petersen’s defect?
Petersen’s hernia is a type of internal hernia, in which part of the intestinal loop protrudes through a defect between small bowel limbs, transverse mesocolon, and retroperitoneum. It has been reported in individuals undergoing gastrojejunostomy (GJ), especially following bariatric surgeries
What is the main feature of a Jackson Pratt drain?
External bulb / balloon that allows patient to drain contents when full. Used in Laparoscopic Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass sx. Drain is left in situ post sx until removed.
