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Sonography Exam review > Abdomen Key terms > Flashcards

Abdomen Key terms Flashcards

1
Q

A large triangular area devoid of peritoneal covering located between the two layers of the coronary ligament

A

bare area

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2
Q

thrombosis of the main hepatic veins

A

Budd-Chiari syndrome

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3
Q

Most common benign neoplasm of the liver consisting of large blood-filled cystic spaces

A

cavernous hemangioma

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4
Q

a general term used for chronic and severe insult to the liver cells leading to fibrosis and formation of regenerating nodules

A

cirrhosis

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5
Q

an accessory blood pathway developed through enlargement of secondary vessels

A

collateral

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6
Q

divides the liver into eight segments in an imaginary H pattern

A

Couinaud anatomy

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7
Q

an infectious cystic disease associated with underdeveloped sheepherding areas of the world

A

echinococcal cyst

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8
Q

excessive deposition of neutral fat within the parenchymal cells

A

fatty infiltration

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9
Q

divides the liver into the right, left, and caudate lobes

A

Functional lobar-segmental anatomy

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10
Q

blood flowing away from the liver

A

hepatofugal

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11
Q

enlargement of the liver

A

hepatomegaly

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12
Q

blood flowing into the liver

A

hepatopetal

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13
Q

generic term used for the laboratory values determining liver function (alt, alkaline phosphotase)

A

Liver function tests (LFTs)

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14
Q

region in the hepatic hilum containing the proper hepatic artery, common duct, and main portal vein

A

porta hepatis

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15
Q

increased venous pressure in the portal circulation associated with compression or occlusion of the portal or hepatic veins

A

portal hypertension

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16
Q

extension of the right lobe inferior and anterior to the lower pole of the right kidney

A

Riedel lobe

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17
Q

a passageway between two natural channels

A

shunt

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18
Q

a tube designed to be inserted in a passageway or vessel to keep it patent

A

stent

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19
Q

divides the liver into the right, left, caudate, and quadrate lobes

A

traditional lobar anatomy

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20
Q

congenital cyst formation associated with weakening of the bile duct wall

A

true hepatic cyst

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21
Q

an enlarged or tortous vein, artery, or lymph node

A

varix

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22
Q

acute inflammation of the gallbladder

A

acute cholecystitis

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23
Q

a benign epithelial tumor: histiologically similar to a bowel wall polyp; most common benign neoplasm

A

adenoma

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24
Q

hyperplasia of epithelial and muscle layers in the gallbladder wall; a small polypoid mass of the gallbladder wall; diverticulosis of the gallbladder

A

adenomyomatosis

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25
Q

opening in the duodenum for the entrance of the the common bile duct

A

ampulla of vater

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26
Q

roundworm that inhibits the intestine

A

ascariasis

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27
Q

a fluid secreted by the liver, concentrated in the gallbladder, and poured into the small intestine via the bile ducts; plays a role in emulsification, absorption, and digestion of fats

A

bile

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28
Q

yellow pigment in bile formed by the breakdown of red blood cells

A

bilirubin

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29
Q

partial or complete absence of the biliary system

A

biliary atresia

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30
Q

visceral pain associated with passing of stone(s) through the bile ducts; also called cholecystalgia

A

biliary colic

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31
Q

dilated bile ducts

A

biliary dilatation

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32
Q

an extrahepatic collection of extravasated bile from trauma, surgery, or gallbladder disease

A

biloma

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33
Q

paroxysmal tachycardia

A

Bouveret syndrome

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34
Q

a segmental, saccular, or beaded appearance to the intrahepatic biliary ducts

A

Caroli disease

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35
Q

inflammation of a bile duct

A

cholangitis

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36
Q

carcinoma of a bile duct

A

cholangiocarcinoma

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37
Q

inflammation of the gallbladder

A

cholecystitis

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38
Q

a hormone secreted in the small intestine that stimulates gallbladder contraction and secretion of pancreatic enzymes; stimulation occurs after food reaches the duodenum

A

cholecystokinin

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39
Q

cystic dilatation of the common bile duct

A

choledochal cyst

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40
Q

calculus in the common duct; stones contain bile pigments, bile calcium salts, and cholesterol

A

choledocholithiasis

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41
Q

the presence or formation of gallstones; stones contain cholesterol, calcium bilirubinate, and calcium carbonate

A

cholelithiasis

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42
Q

a form of hyperplastic cholecystosis caused by the accumulation of triglycerides and esterified sterols in the macrophage of the gallbladder wall

A

cholesterolosis

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43
Q

type of cholesterolosis associated with a strawberry appearance to the gallbladder

A

cholesterosis

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44
Q

recurrent attack of acute cholecystitis

A

chronic cholecystitis

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45
Q

parasite that typically resides in the intrahepatic ducts; the gallbladder and pancreas may also be affected

A

clonorchiasis

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46
Q

portion of the extrahepatic biliary system formed at the junction of the common hepatic and cystic ducts; empties into the second portion of the duodenum

A

common bile duct

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47
Q

term used to include the extrahepatic common hepatic duct and common bile duct

A

common duct

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48
Q

the right and left hepatic ducts join to form the common hepatic duct in the porta hepatis (hepatic hilum)

A

common hepatic duct

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49
Q

painless jaundice associated with an enlarged gallbladder caused by the obstruction of the distal common blie duct by an external mass (typically adenocarcinoma of the pancreatic head)

A

Courvoisier sign

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50
Q

small duct that drains the gallbladder

A

cystic duct

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51
Q

gas in the gallbladder wall or lumen

A

emphysematous cholecyctitis

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52
Q

reservoir for bile

A

gallbladder

53
Q

bleeding into the biliary tree associated with liver biopsy, blunt trauma, or rupture of a hepatic artery aneurysm

A

hematobilia

54
Q

small posterior pouch near the gallbladder neck

A

harmann pouch

55
Q

yellowish discoloration of the skin or sclera related to an increased level of bilirubin in the blood

A

jaundice

56
Q

fold or septation of the gallbladder at the junction of the neck and body

A

junctional fold

57
Q

carcinoma located at the junction of the right and left hepatic ducts

A

Klatskin tumor

58
Q

a hyperechoic line extending from the portal vein to the gallbladder fossa; a boundary between the left and right lobes of the liver

A

main lobar fissure

59
Q

impacted stone in the cystic duct causing compression on the common hepatic duct resulting in jaundice

A

Mirizzi syndrome

60
Q

condition in biliary obstruction representing imaging of the dilated hepatic duct and adjacent portal vein

A

parallel channeling

61
Q

fold in the gallbladder fundus

A

phrygian cap

62
Q

air in the biliary tree

A

pneumobilia

63
Q

a soft tissue mass protruding from the gallbladder wall

A

polyp

64
Q

calcification of the gallbladder wall

A

porcelain gallbladder

65
Q

echogenic bile; viscous bile; contains calcium bilirubinate

A

sludge

66
Q

mobile, echogenic, nonshadowing mass in the dependent portion of the gallbladder

A

sludgeball

67
Q

echogenic bile that does not layer evenly; resembles a polypoid mass

A

tumefactive sludge

68
Q

wall-echo-shadow sign; “double arc” sign, seen with a stone filled gallbladder

A

WES sign

69
Q

acute inflammation causing escape of pancreatic enzymes from the acinar cells into the surrounding tissue.
most commonly caused by biliary disease followed by alcohol abuse

A

acute pancreatitis

70
Q

digestive enzyme produced in the pancreas that aids in converting starches to sugars; also produced in to salivary glads, liver, and fallopian tubes

A

amylase

71
Q

opening in the duodenum for the entrance of the common bile duct

A

ampulla of Vater

72
Q

anomaly caused by the failure of a normal regression of the left ventral bud

A

annular pancreas

73
Q

multiple, persistent, or prolonged episodes of pancreatitis

A

chronic pancreatitis

74
Q

autosomal recessive exocrine gland disorder where organs become clogged with mucus secreted by the exocrine glands

A

cystic fibrosis

75
Q

pertaining to a process in which a group of cells secrete into the blood or lymph circulation a substance (hormone) that has a specific effect on tissues in another part of the body

A

endocrine

76
Q

the process of secreting outwardly through a duct to the surface of an organ

A

exocrine

77
Q

secondary secretory duct of the pancreas

A

duct of Santorini

78
Q

primary secretory duct of the pancreas

A

duct of Wirsung

79
Q

controls the blood sugar level in the body

A

glucose

80
Q

enzyme produced primarily by the pancreas that changes fats to fatty acids and glycerol; increases after damage has occurred to the pancreas

A

lipase

81
Q

pertaining to the pancreas and duodenum

A

pancreaticoduodenal

82
Q

also known as Whipple procedure
a surgical resection of the pancreatic head or periampullary area;
relieves obstruction of the biliary tree that is often caused by a malignant tumor. The remaining normal pancreatic tissue is attached to the duodenum

A

pancreatoduodenectomy

83
Q

en extension of pancreatic inflammation into the peripancreatic tissues, resulting in an enlarged solid inflammatory mass with retroperitoneal fat necrosis

A

phlegmon

84
Q

the joining of the portal, splenic, and superior mesenteric vein

A

portosplenic confluence

85
Q

a space or cavity, without a lining membrane, containing gas or liquid; caused by a leakage of pancreatic enzymes into surrounding tissues

A

pseudocyst

86
Q

a sheath of muscle fibers surrounding the distal common bile and pancreatic ducts as they cross the wall of the duodenum

A

sphincter of Oddi

87
Q

a surgical resection of the pancreatic head or periampullary area, relieves obstruction of the biliary tree that is often caused by a malignant tumor. the remaining normal pancreatic tissue is attaached to the duodenum

A

whipple procedure

88
Q

ischemic necrosis of tubular cells; most common cause of renal failure

A

acute tubular necrosis (ATN)

89
Q

benign tumor composed of blood vessels smooth muscle, and fat

A

angiomyolipoma

90
Q

polypoid in the blood that causes vasoconstriction, increase in blood pressure, and the release of aldosterone

A

angiotensin

91
Q

cortical buldge on the lateral aspect of the kidney

A

dromedary hump

92
Q

fibrous connective membrane of the body that may be separate from other structures

A

fascia

93
Q

immaturity of renal development resulting in a lobulated renal contour

A

fetal lobulation

94
Q

protective covering of tissue surrounding each kidney

A

Gerota’s fascia

95
Q

inflammation of the glomerulus of the ki

A

glomerulonephritis

96
Q

structure composed of blood vessels or nerve fibers

A

glomerulus

97
Q

enlargement of a column of bertin that extends into the renal pyramid

A

hypertrophied column of Bertin

98
Q

embryonic remnant of the fusion site between the upper and lower poles of the kidney

A

Junctional parenchymal defect

99
Q

renal pyramid

A

medullary pyramid

100
Q

blunt apex of the renal pyramid

A

papilla

101
Q

cyst beside the renal pelvis; may obstruct the kidney

A

parapelvic cyst

102
Q

dilatation of the renal pelvis

A

pelviectasis

103
Q

cyst around the renal pelvis; does not obstruct the kidney

A

peripelvic cyst

104
Q

sharp, severe flank pain radiating to the groin

A

renal colic

105
Q

the inability of the kidneys to excrete waste concentrate urine, and conserve electrolytes

A

renal failure

106
Q

partial kidney function failure characterized by less than normal urine output

A

renal insufficiency

107
Q

the functional tissue of the kidney consisting of the nephrons

A

renal parenchyma

108
Q

excessive accumulation of fat in the renal sinus

A

renal sinus lipomatosis

109
Q

renal enzyme that affects blood pressure`

A

renin

110
Q

quick fluctuating color Doppler signal from a rough surface or highly reflective object

A

twinkle artifact

111
Q

epithelial tube connecting the apex of the urinary bladder to the umbilicus

A

urachus

112
Q

prolapse of the distal ureter into the urinary bladder

A

ureterocele

113
Q

a nodule of normal splenic tissue commonly located near the splenic hilum

A

accessory spleen

114
Q

a decrease in hemoglobin levels in the blood

A

anemia

115
Q

abscence of the spleen associated with two right lungs; a midline liver; and GI and urinary anomalies

A

asplenia syndrome

116
Q

a rare benign neoplasm composed of lymphoid tissue. Also known as splenoma

A

hamartoma

117
Q

the percentage of red blood cells in the blood

A

hematocrit

118
Q

carries oxygen from the lungs to the cells and returns carbon dioxide back to the lungs

A

hemoglobin

119
Q

hematoma located within the splenic parenchyma

A

intraparenchymal hematoma

120
Q

proliferation of white blood cells

A

leukemia

121
Q

white blood cells count above 20,000mm^3

A

leukocytosis

122
Q

white blood cell count below 4000mm^3

A

leukipenia

123
Q

malignant disorder involving the lymphoreticular system

A

lymphoma

124
Q

multiple small spleens associated with two left lungs and GI, cardiovascular, and biliary anomalies

A

polysplenia

125
Q

a localized dilatation of the splenic artery

A

splenic artery aneurysm

126
Q

occclusion of the main splenic artery or one of its branches

A

splenic infarction

127
Q

hematoma located between the spenic capsule and parenchyma

A

subcapsular hematoma

128
Q

refers to an abnormal location of the spleen

A

wandering spleen

Sonography Exam review (4 decks)

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