Abdomen

Question 1

What is anorexia?

Answer 1

Loss of appetite that occurs with gastrointestinal disease

Question 2

When also can anorexia occur?

Answer 2

• As a side effect of some medications
• With pregnancy
• Psychological disorders

Question 3

What are some signs of gastrointestinal cancers?

Answer 3

• Loss of appetite

- Unexplained weight loss

Question 4

What disorders can dysphagia occur?

Answer 4

Disorders of throat and esophagus, such as later stages of esophageal cancer

Question 5

What are two examples of food intolerances that could affect abdomen? What symptoms do they cause?

Answer 5

• Lactase deficiency: causes bloating

- Wheat allergy/Gluten intolerances: causes abdominal pain, distention or diarrhea

Question 6

Why do we ask patients if they take antacids?

Answer 6

To determine whether they have heartburn

Question 7

What is pyrosis?

Answer 7

Heartburn: a burning sensation in esophagus and stomach cause by reflux of gastric acid

Question 8

What is eructation? When might it occur excessively?

Answer 8

Belching, may occur with food intolerances

Question 9

Why would we get our patient to point to where their abdomen pain is? (what are 3 causes it could be)

Answer 9

• Visceral: from an internal organ
• Parietal: from inflammation of overlying peritoneum
• Referred: from a disorder in another site

Question 10

What are the distinguishing symptoms of visceral and parietal pain?

Answer 10

• Visceral: dull, general and poorly localized

- Parietal: sharp, precisely localized, aggravated by movement

Question 11

What are some pain that would lead to urgent diagnosis?

Answer 11

appendicitis, cholecystitis, bowel obstruction or perforation of organ

Question 12

What is pain in upper abdomen a symptom of?

Answer 12

Later stages of GI neoplasms (liver or pancreatic cancer)

Question 13

Chronic pain of gastric ulcers usually occurs when?

Answer 13

On empty stomach

Question 14

When does pain of duodenal ulcers occur?

Answer 14

2-3 hours after food and is relieved by more food

Question 15

Why do we ask patients if they have experienced any nausea or vomiting when talking about abdomen?

Answer 15

It is a common side effect of many medication, with GI disease or early pregnancy

Question 16

What is a symptom that can occur in later stages of GI neoplasms?

Answer 16

Nausea/vomiting

Question 17

What is hematemesis? When does it occur

Answer 17

• Vomiting of blood

- With stomach/duodenal ulcers and esophageal varices

Question 18

If you ask patient about what they ate in the last 24 hours, and whether other family members are experiencing the same symptoms, what are eluding to?

Answer 18

Food poisoning

Question 19

What would black/tarry stool be caused by?

Answer 19

From occult blood from GI bleeding

Question 20

What can cause black/nontarry stool?

Answer 20

Iron mediations

Question 21

What causes grey stool?

Answer 21

Hepatitis

Question 22

When does red blood in stool occur?

Answer 22

With GI bleeding, or localized bleeding around anus

Question 23

What are some symptoms of colorectal cancer?

Answer 23

• Narrower than usual
• Blood in stool
• Diarrhea
• Constipation

Question 24

What is FAP?

Answer 24

Familial adenomatous polyposis

Question 25

What causes FAP?

Answer 25

Genetic mutation that can be inherited

Question 26

An individual with FAP increases their risk of colon cancer by what percent

Answer 26

87%

Question 27

Can over the counter drugs (acetaminophen) have toxic effects?

Answer 27

Yes, on the liver

Question 28

What can cause peptic ulcer disease?

Answer 28

- Frequent use of NSAIDs - Alcohol - Smoking - H. pylori infectection

Question 29

What can the herbal supplement ginkgo biloba cause?

Answer 29

- GI upset - Nausea/Vomiting - Prolonged bleeding

Question 30

In regards to abdomen organs, what can heavy alcohol consumption cause

Answer 30

- Esophageal and liver cancer | - Liver cirrhosis

Question 31

Alcohol can increase the toxic effects of __________

Answer 31

acetaminophen on the liver

Question 32

Smoking puts you at a risk for what 3 types of cancers in regards to abdomen organs?

Answer 32

- Esophageal - Stomach - Pancreatic

Question 33

When asking a patient about their diet, what is it based off of?

Answer 33

24 hour recall

Question 34

What are 4 things that could cause nutritional deficit in older adults?

Answer 34

- Limited access to grocery store - Limited income - Limited to cooking facilities - Physical disability ( lack of strength, vision impairment, neurological deficit, etc)

Question 35

Why would we ask an older adult whether they eat alone or share their meals with others?

Answer 35

People who live alone, may not want to prepare meals. Also can cause depression and social isolation

Question 36

What would you do differently when asking an older adult about their eating recall?

Answer 36

- 24 hr recall may be more difficult for older adults so instead ask them to keep a week long diary of intake

Question 37

What should fluid intake in older adults be? Why?

Answer 37

1500-2000 mL/day to prevent constipation

Question 38

Why would we ask an older adult about what medications they take in regards to the abdomen?

Answer 38

There could be GI side effects including nausea, upset stomach, anorexia and dry mouth