Abdomen Flashcards
What system is the spleen a part of?
Lymphatic system
Where is the spleen located?
Posterior and to the left of the stomach in LUQ.
Can the spleen be visualized on a radiograph?
Faintly, particularly if enlarged (splenomegaly).
What can be lacerated during trauma to left lower rib cage?
The spleen.
What are the accessory organs of digestion?
Pancreas, liver, gallbladder.
Where is the pancreas located?
Posterior to the stomach, between the stomach & the spleen.
Is the pancreas an endocrine or exocrine gland?
Both. It secretes hormones that it produces, into the blood stream, making it endocrine. It also secretes digestive juices into the digestive tract (considered “outside” of the body) making it exocrine.
Where does the body and tail of the pancreas extend towards?
The upper left abdomen.
Where is the liver located?
The liver occupies most of the right upper quadrant and is inferior to the right hemidiaphragm.
What is the function of the liver?
It produces bile.
How does the liver show up on a radiograph?
As decreased optical density (whiter).
Where is the pear shaped gall bladder located?
In the inferior aspect of the liver.
What does the gall bladder do?
Stores and concentrates bile.
Can a normal gall bladder be seen on plain films?
No.
What percentage of gall stones can be seen on plain film radiographs?
10-15% (due to calcium.).
What is the urinary system composed of?
Kidneys, ureters, bladder, urethra.
Are the kidneys retroperitoneal, intraperitoneal, or infraperitoneal?
Retroperitoneal.
What is the function of the kidneys?
To remove liquid waste products from the blood.
Which kidney is lower than the other and why?
The right kidney is lower due to the liver taking up so much room on the right side.
What level of the spine are the kidneys located?
T12 to the level of transverse processes of L3.
What do the ureters do?
They connect the kidneys to the bladder.
How large are the ureters?
About 10-12 inches long.
Are the ureters retroperitoneal, intraperitoneal or infraperitoneal?
Retroperitoneal.
What is the name of the tube that leads from the floor of the urinary bladder to the outside?
Urethra.