ABDOMEN

Question 1

The abdomen is divided into how many quadrants?

Answer 1

4

Question 2

RUQ

Answer 2

liver
gallbladder
duodenum
head of pancreas
R. kidney; adrenal gland
hepatic flexture of colon
part of ascending and transverse colon

Question 3

RLQ

Answer 3

cecum
appendix
r.ovary and tube
r. ureter
r. spermatic cord

Question 4

LUQ

Answer 4

stomach
spleen
l.lobe of liver
L.kidney
splenic flexure of colon
part of transverse and descending colon

Question 5

LLQ

Answer 5

part of descending colon
sigmoid colon
L.ovary and tubes
L.ureter
L. spermatic cord

Question 6

anorexia

Answer 6

psychological disorder that includes loss of appetite, voluntary starvation, and grave weight loss

Question 7

dysphagia

Answer 7

difficulty swallowing

occurs with disorders of the throat or esophagus i.e thrust, neurologic changes (stroke) or obstruction (mass or tumor)

Question 8

pyrosis

Answer 8

heartburn- burning sensation in esophagus and stomach from reflex of gastric acid

Question 9

eructation

Answer 9

belching

Question 10

visceral pain

Answer 10

pain from an internal organ (dull, general, poorly localized)

Question 11

parietal pain

Answer 11

pain from inflammation of overlying peritoneum
(sharp, precisely localized, aggravated by movement)

Question 12

referred pain

Answer 12

pain from a disorder in another site

i.e. appendicitis, bowel obstruction, perforated organ

Question 13

melena

Answer 13

black stools from occult blood.. (iron meds)

Question 14

hematemesis

Answer 14

vomiting blood

Question 15

pica

Answer 15

eating nonfoods

Question 16

gray stools occur with

Answer 16

hepatitis

Question 17

inspection of the abdomen

Answer 17

contour- stand on right side of person & look down at abdomen

stoop or graze abdomen

contour describes the nutritional state and normally ranges from flat to rounded

scaphoid abdomen caves in

protuberant abdomen indicates abdominal distention

Question 18

symmetry

Answer 18

note any localized bulging, visible mass, or asymmetric shape

hernia-protrusion of the abdominal viscera through abnormal opening in mm wall

Question 19

umbilicus

Answer 19

midline and inverted normally with

deeply sunken with obesity
enlarged, everted with umbilical hernia

blueish color= intraperitoneal bleeding (cullen sign)

Question 20

skin

Answer 20

smooth and even, homogeneous color

unexpected findings=

redness with localized inflammation
jaundice
skin glistening and taut with ascites

marked pulsations of aorta occurs with widened pulse pressure (hypertension, aortic insufficiency)
marked visible peristalsis (intestinal obstruction)

Question 21

striae

Answer 21

stretch marks

Question 22

inspection

Answer 22

expected findings:
- relaxed

unexpected findings:
-restlessness
-constant turning to find comfort occurs with colicky pain of gastroenteritis or bowel obstruction

-Absolute stillness or resisting
movement could mean pain of
peritonitis

• Knees flexed up, facial grimacing, and
  rapid respirations could mean pain.

Question 23

auscultate bowl sounds and vascular sounds

Answer 23

abnormal bowel sounds
**being at RLQ

hyperactive= high pitched, loud, rushing sounds that signal motility

hypoactive=absent sound (listen for a full 5 min), follow abdominal surgery or with inflammation of the peritoneum

normal bowel sounds= normoactive
- high-pitched gurgling, cascading sounds occurring irregularly anywhere from 5-30 x per min

Question 24

borborygmus

Answer 24

hyper-peristalsis- stomach growling

Question 25

vascular sounds

Answer 25

bruits= vascular sounds
usually no sound is present
-abnormal sound=hearing a blowing rushing sound
- if there is a sound it is systolic, medium to low in pitch and heard between the xiphoid process and the umbilicus

Question 26

percussion

Answer 26

–percuss to assess the relative density of abdominal contents and to screen for abnormal fluid or masses

–dullness occurs over a distended bladder, adipose tissue, fluid or a mass

–hyperresonance is present with gaseous distention

expected findings= general tympany in all four quadrants

Question 27

CVT

Answer 27

costovertebral angle (cva) tenderness

–positive finding= inflammation of the kidney
–normal person feels thud, but no pain
–if a pt has a kidney infection, they make the pain known

Question 28

palpation

Answer 28

goal is to judge the size, location, and consistency of certain organs and screen for abnormal masses or tenderness

light palpation–> 1cm
deep palpation–> 5-8 cm (2-5 in)

expected findings
–soft, non-tender to palpation x4 quads
–no masses or tenderness
–voluntary guarding= cold, tense, or ticklish

unexpected findings
–tender to palpation
–involuntary guarding or rigidity= constant board-like hardness of the mm

Question 29

common cause of constipation

Answer 29

-decreased physical activity
-inadequate intake of water
-low-fiber diet
-side effect from meds
-hypothyrodism
-do not palpate a pts abdomen who has had an organ transplant
-do not feed a patient until they have passed a flatus

Question 30

pregnant women

Answer 30

morning sickness due to (hCG) changes. human chorionic gonadotropin

acid indigestion, constipation, striae & linea nigra

Question 31

subjective data on the abdomen

Answer 31

ask about appetite and dysphagia, food intolerances, abdominal pain, nausea and vomiting, bowel habits

Question 32

how should u assess the abdomen?

Answer 32

inspect
auscultate
percuss
palpate