Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Anatomy > Abdomen 1 > Flashcards

Abdomen 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Bone Boundaries of Abdomen

A
  • Lumbar vert
  • Pelvic Bones/Inlet
  • Inf Thoracic Wall (costal margin, Rib XI-XII, xiphoid process)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Arcuate Ligs

A
  • Median Arcuate Lig - midline, crosses aorta, joins R/L crus to make opening, at L3
  • Medial Arcuate Lig - at L1, goes over psoas major
  • Lateral Arcuate lig - at L1 -> rib XII, over quadratus lumborum
  • all 3 form tight seal btwn abdomen = thorax
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Pelvic Inlet Margins

A

Posteriorly: sacrum
Anteriorly: pubic symphysis
bilaterally: bony rim on pelvic bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

4 quadrant Pattern

A
  • draw line thru umbilicus + midline
  • McBruney’s point = 2/3 away from umbilicus to ASIS (sign of appendicitis)
  • upper R = liver, gall bladder, diaphragm, right costal margin
  • lower R = cecum + appendix, R ASIS/Inguinal lig/pubic tubercle
  • lower L = descending + sigmoid colon, L ASIS/Inguinal lig/pubic tubercle
  • upper L = spleen + stomach
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Iliac Crest

A
  • inf bony boundary

- separates post ab wall from glutes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Inguinal Lig

A
  • btwn ASIS + tubercle

- separates ant ab wall from thigh

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Muscular Wall

A
  • Psoas major + iliacus -> thigh, hip join flexors
  • Rectus abdominis -> inf thoracic wall to pelvis, 6 pack muscles
  • continuity in ab wall from thick fascia + aponeuroses
  • fascial wall separates ab wall from peritoneum
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Foregut

A
  • omental bursa/lesser sac = ventral mesentery mem, connects liver to stomach
  • greater omentum/greater sac
  • omental foramen/epipoic foramen - connects greater to lesser sac
  • development of these + connection important to prevent infection spread
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Midgut

A
  • 270 degree CCW rotation, develops quickly, runs out of space = herniates, pushes out where umbilicus will be
  • superior mesenteric artery = midline, separates small intestine from large intestine
  • after herniating, draws intestines back to abdomen
  • midgut pt -> cecum = iliocecal junction -> inf R cavity (upper R -> lower R quadrant)
  • large intestine flipped over small intestine
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Hindgut

A

majority of colon + superior rectum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Appendix

A

retrocecal -> as it descends, gets tucked up behind cecum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Groin in anterior wall

A
  • Gubernaculum -> processus vaginalis (becomes scrotum or labia majora)
  • males: inguinal canal (spermatic cord cnxn of testes to ab) + spermatic cord (has structures from ab -> testes)
  • females: gubernaculum becomes round lig of uterus, ends in labia majora
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Transpyloric Plane

A
  • horizontal plane, transect body at L1 (pancreas also at L1)
  • midway btwn jugular notch/pubic symphysis
  • crosses opening of stomach into duodenum = pyloric opening
  • shows position of kidney hila (L higher than R -> crosses thru inf L hilum, sup R hilum)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Hepatic Portal Sys

A 
art -> cap bed 1 -> vein -> cap bed 2 -> vein
venous blood (GI, panc, gall, spleen) -> inf liver via portal vein -> cap bed liver -> short hepatic veins -> IVC
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Portacaval Anastomoses Locations

A
  • inf end of esophagus, inf rectum, umbilicus

- liver contacts diap (bare liver), GI conacts post ab wall (retro GI), post panc

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Innervation of ab viscera by pre-vert plexus

A
  • branches -> to target tissues w/vessels from aorta
  • has symp (T5-L2), parasymp (vagus + S2-S4), + sensory parts (parallel motor paths)
  • vagus (CN X) = foregut + midgut, S2-S4 = hindgut
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Superficial fascia of ab wall

A
  • subcutaneous fatty CT
  • in lower region of ant ab wall, below umbilicus, forms 2 layers:
  • superficial fatty layer (camper’s fascia) + deep membranous layer (Scarpa’s fascia)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Camper’s Fascia

A
  • Cont. over inguinal lig w/thigh superficial fascia
  • Male - cont. over penis to scrotum = Dartos fascia
  • Female - superficial fat layer, part of labia majora
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Scarpa’s Fascia

A
  • deep thin mem layer w/no fat
  • Inferiorly: Continues to thigh below inguinal lig, becomes fascia lata
  • Midline: attached to linea alba + pubic symphysis
  • Continues to ant perineum = Superficial perineal fascia
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Fundiform ligament

A
  • Extensions of scarpa’s fascia attached to pubic symphysis pass inferiorly to sides of penis /clitoris to form fundiform lig
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

External Oblique Attachments/Innervation

A
  • Attachment = outer lower 8 ribs (ribs V-XII)
  • Lateral iliac crest -> aponeurosis ending in midline (linea alba)
  • Innervation = ant. rami of T7 to T12
22
Q

Assoc ligs of External Oblique

A
  • Inguinal lig – inf border of aponeurosis of external oblique
  • Lacunar lig – extension off inguinal ligament, medial side, attaches to pubic bone at pectin pubis
  • Pectineal lig - on top of pectineal line
23
Q

External Oblique Function

A

• Fn = compress ab contents, both muscles- flex trunk
○ Each site - bend trunk, turn ant part to opp side
• Fibers run lat sup to med inf (hands in pocket)

24
Q

Internal Oblique Attachments

A
  • Thoracolumbar fascia
  • Iliac crests
  • lateral 2/3 of inguinal lig
  • Inferior border of lower 3 or 4 ribs
  • Aponeurosis ending in linea alba
  • Inferiorly to pubic crest and pectineal line
25
Q

Internal oblique Innervation/Function

A
  • Innervation = ant rami of T7-L1
  • Fn = compression of abdominal contents, both muscles - flex trunk, each site - bend trunk and turn ant part to same side
26
Q

Transversus Abdominis Attachments

A 
○ Thoracolumbar fascia
○ Medial lip of iliac crest 
○ Lateral 1/3 of inguinal ligament 
○ Costal cartilage of lower 6 ribs (ribs VII to XII)
○ Aponeurosis ends in linea alba 
Pubic crest and pectineal line
27
Q

Transversus Abdominis Innervation + Fn

A

Ant rami of T7-L1

compresses ab contents

28
Q

Rectus Abdominis

A

• Attachments
○ Pubic crest, Pubic tubercle, Pubic symphysis (all part of anterior pubic bone)
○ Costal cartilage or rib V to VII
○ Xiphoid process
• Innervation = anterior rami of T6~ T7 to T12
• Fn = compress ab contents, flex VC, tense ab wall (stabilizes back)

29
Q

Pyramidalis

A
  • Attachments = front of pubis, pubic symphysis, linea alba
  • Innervation = ant ramus of T12
  • Function = tenses linea alba -> pubic bone not moving
30
Q

Rectus Sheath

A
  • aponeurotic fusion of external/internal obliques and transversus abdominis muscle
  • upper 3 Qs - surrounds rectus abdominis
  • lower 1 Q - entirely in front of rectus abdominis
  • Arcuate Line (image above) = transition from half internal oblique aponeuroses (and others) going behind to going in front
31
Q

Internal thoracic artery

A
  • off subclavian after 6th intercostal space - splits to 2 branches:
  • Musculophreic a. (follows costal margin)
  • Superior epigastric a. (straight down, deep to rectus abdominis)
32
Q

Aorta

A
  • branches at T7-T12 follow nerves ->
  • Lower intercostal aa.
  • Subcostal a. (T12)
  • External + internal iliac artery
33
Q

External Iliac Artery

A
  • Inf epigastric a. (anastomoses w/sup epigastric a., also deep to rectus abdominis, near inguinallig)
  • Landmark for inguinal hernias
  • Deep circumflex iliac a. (supports iliacus and all attached to iliac crest)
34
Q

Femoral Artery

A
  • from external iliac, superficial, supplies muscles at iliac crest ->
  • Superficial circumflex iliac a.
  • Superficial epigastric a. - superficial up abdomen
35
Q

Superficial Vein Drainage

A
  • Above umbilicus → axillary v.
  • Below umbilicus → femoral v.
  • Paraumbilical vein (have portal cnxns -> caput medusa)
36
Q

Superficial Lymph vessel drainage

A
  • above umbilicus → anterior axillary nodes

- Below umbilicus → superficial inguinal nodes

37
Q

Groin

A
  • Layers go w/processus vaginalis, pulled down, become part of spermatic cord = cnxn from ab to scrotum
  • Don’t want ab contents going down to scrotum = potential for inguinal hernia
38
Q

Deep Inguinal Ring

A
  • lateral to epigastric vessels like inf. epigastric art
  • Transversalis fascia → internal spermatid fascia (male) + Inner layer (female)
  • Superficial to CT layer (extra peritoneal fat) + peritoneum
39
Q

Superficial (External) Inguinal Ring

A

• Ext. oblique aponeurosis (spermatic cord thru it)
○ Lateral crus – lateral to superficial ring
○ Medial crus – medial to superficial ring
• Forms ext. spermatic fascia of spermatic cord/round ligament

40
Q

Boundaries of Inguinal Rings

A
  • Ant wall = external oblique aponeurosis
  • lateral wall = internal oblique
  • Forms cremaster fascia + muscle/fascia of spermatic cord/round lig.
    • Post wall = Transversalis fascia – full length, Conjoint tendon – medial 1/3 (brings it all together)
    • Roof = from arching fibers of transversus abdominis and internal oblique muscles
    • Floor = Inguinal ligament
41
Q

M/F derived from External Oblique Aboneurosis

A

Male spermatic cord: External spermatic fascia

Female round ligament: outer layer

42
Q

M/F derived from Internal Oblique Muscle

A

Male spermatic cord: Cremaster fascia and muscle

Female round ligament: diminishes from prox to dist

43
Q

M/F derived from Transversalis fascia

A

Male spermatic cord: Internal spermatic fascia

Female round ligament: inner layer

44
Q

M/F derived from superior vesical a.

A

Male spermatic cord: Artery of ductus deferens

45
Q

M/F derived from aorta

A

Male spermatic cord: Testicular a.

Female round lig: Ovarian a.

46
Q

M/F derived from R IVC + L renal vein

A

Male spermatic cord: Pampiniform plexus

Female round ligament: Ovarian vein

47
Q

M/F derived from L1 + L2

A

Male spermatic cord: Genitofemoral n.

Female round ligament: Genitofemoral n.

48
Q

M/F derived from genital branch in inguinal canal

A

Male spermatic cord: Cremasteric muscle innervation

Female round ligament: Supplies round lig

49
Q

M/F derived from femoral branch

A

Male spermatic cord: Sensory medial thigh

Female round ligament: same

50
Q

M/F derived from ilioinguinal nerve from L1

A

Male spermatic cord: Prosimomedial aspect of thigh + perineal region
Female round ligament: same

51
Q

Portcaval Anastomses Function

A
  • block of hepatic portal vein = portal hypertension
  • anastomoses dilate = blood from tributaries bypass liver, enter caval sys, return to heart
  • portal hypertension = hemorrhoids, caput medusa, ascites + bloating

Anatomy (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions