abdo

Question 1

list 5 causes for upper GI bleed

Answer 1

GOOMPT = upper
Gastritis - drugs/infection/illness/injury
oesophageal varices- alcohol cirrhosis
oesophagitis- GERD/alcohol- inflamation/ulcers
Mallory- weiss tears- coughing/retching/vomit
peptic ulcers- duodenal/gastric- asprin/NSAIDs/acholol
tumor- oesophagus/stomach/duodunum

Question 2

list 5 causes of lower GI bleed

Answer 2

HIDT
haemorrhoids - bright red-straining-pregnancy
IBD- <10%
diverticular disease - 55% abrupt/painless PR
tumour

Question 3

4 symptoms of bowel infarction

causes

Answer 3

D+V
stomach pain
blood

decreased BF to intestines caused by - hernia, abdo surgery, atherosclerosis, smoking, inactivity, diet

Question 4

what is gastritis? how is it caused?

symptoms

Answer 4

acute/chronic - mucosa inflammation. - alcohol - NSAIDS, asprin, corticosteroids

epigastric pain. indigestion, cramping, N+V hematemesis, melena.

Question 5

gastroenteritis

Answer 5

acute inflammation of stomach from contaminated food

cramping
N+V
diarrhoea
muscle ache
dehydration

Question 6

symptoms of cirrhosis

Answer 6

jaundice, ascites, dyspepsia, constipation, weight loss, upper GI bleed.

destruction of hepatic cells - alcohol abuse, hepatitis, malnutrition, congenital malformation, genetic disorder.

Question 7

peritonitis

Answer 7

contamination of peritoneal cavity- bacteria/chemical

HOT BELLY
abdo pain - on mevement/cough
N+V
guarding - generalised rebound tender
distension
decreased bowel sounds
rapid weak pulse
decreased BP
tachyphnea
fever

Question 8

kidney stones

Answer 8

pain between costovertebral angle and flank

back/abdo pain
chills/fever
N+V
abdo extension
hematuria

Question 9

pelvic inflammatory disease

Answer 9

infection of fallopian tube

after menses
progressive lower abdo pain
guarding, rebound tender
fever
discharge
N+V,
 urinary urgency

Question 10

pyelonephritis

Answer 10

kidney infection
fever
back/flank/groin pain
urge to urinate
burning/oder
pus/blood in urine

Question 11

pancreatitis

Answer 11

inflammation of pancreas - heavy alcohol consumption/bilary tract disease/infection/abdo trauma/surgery

Acute; abdo pain radiating to back (RUQ), fever, increased pulse, shallow RR. decreased breath sounds, decreased BP, guarding

Chronic; gradual onset - upper/central abdo pain to back. from chronic alcohol missuse- after bindge.

Question 12

bowel obstruction

Answer 12

decreased bowel movement
cramping / distension
fecal vomit
guarding/rebound tender
decreased/absent bowel sounds/high pitched

CAUSES: poor diet, medication, intestinal obstruction
(cancer), hypothyroidism, mobility.

Question 13

aortic anurism

Answer 13

CAUSE: arteriosclerosis - vessel - less elastic / trauma

abdo: 
deep/boring/visceral pain 
pustation
tender 
relived by position

thoracic:
deep/diffuse chest pain - tracheal deviation, chest pulsation.

pain in spine
cough, wheeze, hemoptysis, dysphagia, hoarssness

Question 14

abdo trauma

Answer 14

stab= serious damage. liver, spleen, major blood vessels
gunshot= direct and indirect injury
blast= blunt/penetrating - bowel perforation/haemorrage
blunt= spleen, liver, duodenum, small bowel, aorta

shoulder tip pain = suspension of injury. L-shoulder= spleen. R-shoulder=liver