Abdo Flashcards
Surface joining sacrum to pelvis
Ala of sacrum
Point visible on anterior side of pelvic inlet
Ischial spine
Point where all 3 bones on pelvis meet
Acetabulum
2 lower loops of lower pelvis, what is the hole and the part forming the loop
Ischial ramus
Obturator foramen
What bone do you sit on
Ischial tuberosity
Ligaments joining iliac crest to vertebrae
Iliolumbar
Lumbosacral
Anterior sacro-iliaca ligament
Ligament from ischial spine to sacrum
Sacrospinal ligament
Ligament from ischial tuberosity to sacrum
Sacrotuberous ligament
Membrane over obturator foramen
Obturator foramen
2 foramen formed by sacrospinal ligament
Greater and lesser sciatic foramen
Inguinal ligament attaches to?
ASIS and pubic tubercle
Position of deep and superficial inguinal rings
Deep- midpoint of inguinal ligament
Superficial- superior to pubic tubercle
Differences between male and female pelvic girdle
Inlet- round for females and heart shaped for males
Pubic angle- >80 for females, 50-60 for males
Ischial spine- male’s project medially
X-distance from pubic symphysis to acetabulum, Y acetabulum
Males X:Y <1
Females =/>1
9 regions of abdomen
R&L hypochondriac, epigastric
R&L lumbar, umbilical
R&L iliac, hypogastric
Divided by 2 MCL
Subcostal
Interrubercular
4 quadrants of abdomen
R&L upper
R&L lower
Defined by midline and umbilical plane- between L3 and 4
Trasnpyloric, transtuberular, supracristal plane
Transpyloric- L1- 9th CC
Transtubercular- midday between pubic crest and transpyloric plane- L5
Supracristal- top of iliac crest
Surface markings of stomach
Entry to stomach- 3cm left of midline at 6th CC
Fundus- MCL 5th rib
Exit of stomach- 1-3cm right at transpyloric plane
Surface markings of duodenum
Superior- 1.5cm long transpylroic plane
Descending- 2.7-10cm ring tof L1-3
Inferior- 4-8cm crossing L3
Ascending- 4.5cm leads to L2
Surface marking of appendix and caecum
Caecum- triangular area of interrubercular, right MCL and right inguinal ligament
Appendix- root is at mcburneys point- line joining umbilicus to right ASIS- junction of lateral and middle 1/3
Surface marking of liver
Right 5th rib at MCL
Lower end of sternum
Left 5th ICS at MCL
costal margin at MAL
Surface marking of gall bladder
Tip of right 9th CC
Palpation of the liver
Ask patient to breath in deeply
Below right anterior costal margin
Surface marking of spleen
Lateral border of erector spinae
MAL
Along 9,10,11th ribs
Palpation of spleen
Not usually palpable
If enlarged can below left anterior costal margin
Surface marking of kidney
4-5cm away from midline Superior poles covered by 12th rib Inferior pole 3-4cm above iliac crest Around 9-12cm long 5-7cm broad
Right lower than left
Palpation of kidney
Subject to lay flat with knee and hips semi flexed to relax abs
Keep one hand under subject’s flank, palm upwards and fingers in renal angle
Other hand palpates in upper quadrant, by pressing down deeply into costal margin
Balloting
Push kidney up in renal angle- between spine and posterior costal margin
Push in with right hand below anterior costal margin
Percussion of the liver
Stat at MCL of 3rd ICS
Continue inferiorly until hear a dullness
Palpation of pulses
Abdominal pulse- above and left of umbilicus
Femoral- inner thigh at mid-inguinal point
Dermatones
T8 and T9 superior to umbilicus
T10 around umbilicus
T11-L1 to pubic symphysis
Area of Pain in GI tract
Foregut- epigastric- T7-8
Midgut- umbilicus
Appendicitis- right inguinal
Hindgut- suprapubic- T12-L1-2