AB Flashcards
beta-lactams:
- Penicillin
Bactericidal.
- Penicillins:
a) Natural: Penicillin G and V (narrow spectrum, not stable)
b) aminopenicillins (broad spectrum, but not effective against beta-lactamase producers)
c) Penicillinase-resistant (designed to resist staphylococcal beta-lactamases)
- oxacillin
- cloxacillin
- dicloxacillin
- nafcillin
- methicillin
d) anti-pseudomonal penicillins (broadest spectrum)
- piperacillin
- ticarcillin
Beta-lactams
- Cephalosporins
Bactericidal.
Not working on LAME (listeria, atypicals, MRSA, enterococci)
1st gen:
- cefazolin
- cephalexin
- cepadroxil
2nd gen:
- cefaclor
- cefrozil
- cefuroxime
3rd (broad spectrum)
- ceftaxime
- ceftriaxone
4th (good for nosocomial gram - infections, even pseudomonas)
- cefepime
5th (can take down MRSA)
- ceftobiprole
- ceftarolime
Beta-lactams
- Carbapenems
Bactericidal.
Last-resort antibiotics.
- imipenem
- meropenem
- ertapenem
- doripenem
Beta-lactams
- monobactams
Bactericidal.
Narrow spectrum - only for aerobe gram negs.
- aztreonam
Glycopeptides
Bactericidal.
narrow spectrum - only for gram positives.
- Vancomycin
- Teicoplanin
Polypeptides
Bactericidal.
Against MDR.
- polymyxin (useful against CRE)
- nystatin - antifungal.
- bacitracin - for gram + cocci.
30S
Aminoglycosides: Bacteriocidal
Use IV.
GNATS:
- Gentamycin
- Neomycin
- Amikacin
- Tobramycin
- Streptomycin
Tetracyclines: Bacteriostatic Oral. - tetracyclines - doxycycline - minocycline
50S:
Macrolides: bacteriostatic (but becomes bacteriocidal at high concentrations)
- Erythromycin
- Azithromycin
- Clarythromycin
Chloramphenicol: bacteriostatic (broad spectrum)
Lincosamsamide
- Clindamycin
- Lincomycin
Streptogramins: bacteriocidal
Linezolid: bacteriostatic
nucleic acid synthesis inhibitors
Quinolones (DNA) - Bactericidal (broad spectrum) (dont give to kids or preggos) - ciprofloxacin - ofloxacin - levofloxacin
they will:
- inhibit bacterial DNA gyrase
- inhibit bacterial topoisomerase IV
Metronidazole (DNA) - bacteriocidal
Rifampin (Bactericidal)
- effective against gram positive bacteria
Sulfonamides: Bactericidal (broad spectrum)
Trimethoprime/sulphamethoxazole (bacteristatic)
Broad spectrum AB:
- carbapenems
- cholamphenicol
- 3rd gen fluoroquinolones
- 2,3,4 gen cephalosporins
- tetracyclines
- (penicillins execept naturals)
- macrolide
- sulphonamides
- aminoglycodies
Narrow spectrum AB
BEST!
- Natural penicillins
- Lincosamides
- glycosamides
- Streptogramins
- Rifamycin/rifampin
- Monobactam
- Nystatin, polymyxin
