AB Flashcards

1
Q

beta-lactams:

  1. Penicillin
A

Bactericidal.

  1. Penicillins:
    a) Natural: Penicillin G and V (narrow spectrum, not stable)

b) aminopenicillins (broad spectrum, but not effective against beta-lactamase producers)

c) Penicillinase-resistant (designed to resist staphylococcal beta-lactamases)
- oxacillin
- cloxacillin
- dicloxacillin
- nafcillin
- methicillin

d) anti-pseudomonal penicillins (broadest spectrum)
- piperacillin
- ticarcillin

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2
Q

Beta-lactams

  1. Cephalosporins
A

Bactericidal.

Not working on LAME (listeria, atypicals, MRSA, enterococci)

1st gen:

  • cefazolin
  • cephalexin
  • cepadroxil

2nd gen:

  • cefaclor
  • cefrozil
  • cefuroxime

3rd (broad spectrum)

  • ceftaxime
  • ceftriaxone

4th (good for nosocomial gram - infections, even pseudomonas)
- cefepime

5th (can take down MRSA)

  • ceftobiprole
  • ceftarolime
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3
Q

Beta-lactams

  1. Carbapenems
A

Bactericidal.
Last-resort antibiotics.

  • imipenem
  • meropenem
  • ertapenem
  • doripenem
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4
Q

Beta-lactams

  1. monobactams
A

Bactericidal.

Narrow spectrum - only for aerobe gram negs.
- aztreonam

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5
Q

Glycopeptides

A

Bactericidal.
narrow spectrum - only for gram positives.

  1. Vancomycin
  2. Teicoplanin
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6
Q

Polypeptides

A

Bactericidal.
Against MDR.

  • polymyxin (useful against CRE)
  • nystatin - antifungal.
  • bacitracin - for gram + cocci.
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7
Q

30S

A

Aminoglycosides: Bacteriocidal
Use IV.

GNATS:

  • Gentamycin
  • Neomycin
  • Amikacin
  • Tobramycin
  • Streptomycin
Tetracyclines: Bacteriostatic
Oral. 
- tetracyclines
- doxycycline
- minocycline
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8
Q

50S:

A

Macrolides: bacteriostatic (but becomes bacteriocidal at high concentrations)

  • Erythromycin
  • Azithromycin
  • Clarythromycin

Chloramphenicol: bacteriostatic (broad spectrum)

Lincosamsamide

  • Clindamycin
  • Lincomycin

Streptogramins: bacteriocidal

Linezolid: bacteriostatic

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9
Q

nucleic acid synthesis inhibitors

A
Quinolones (DNA) - Bactericidal (broad spectrum) 
(dont give to kids or preggos) 
- ciprofloxacin 
- ofloxacin 
- levofloxacin 

they will:

  • inhibit bacterial DNA gyrase
  • inhibit bacterial topoisomerase IV

Metronidazole (DNA) - bacteriocidal

Rifampin (Bactericidal)
- effective against gram positive bacteria

Sulfonamides: Bactericidal (broad spectrum)

Trimethoprime/sulphamethoxazole (bacteristatic)

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10
Q

Broad spectrum AB:

A
  • carbapenems
  • cholamphenicol
  • 3rd gen fluoroquinolones
  • 2,3,4 gen cephalosporins
  • tetracyclines
  • (penicillins execept naturals)
  • macrolide
  • sulphonamides
  • aminoglycodies
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11
Q

Narrow spectrum AB

A

BEST!

  • Natural penicillins
  • Lincosamides
  • glycosamides
  • Streptogramins
  • Rifamycin/rifampin
  • Monobactam
  • Nystatin, polymyxin
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