AAs (1890-1920) - Marcus Garvey

Question 1

Marcus Garvey & The Universal Negro Improvement Association (UNIA)

Answer 1

• 1917: Garvey organised the first branch of the UNIA
• 1919: UNIA had 30 branches and over 2 million members
• Garvey argued for separation rather than integration between the races
• Garvey suggested that AAs should create their own state or go live in Africa
• Advocated AA rights, supported decolonisation/freeing African states
• Argued AAs should control their own economic power by creating/owning their own businesses
• E.g.’s of Garvey’s businesses, the ‘Black Star Line’
• 1922: targeted by FBI precursor, J. Edgar Hoover
• Arrested, sentenced to 5 years imprisonment for fraud
• Served less than half his sentence, President Coolidge deported him to Jamaica in 1927

Question 2

The Great Migration

Answer 2

• The movement of 6 million African Americans out of the rural Southern states to the urban Northeast, Midwest and West between 1910-1970

Question 3

The Harlem Renaissance

Answer 3

• Intellectual and cultural revival of African American music, dance, art, fashion, literature, theatre, politics and scholarship
• Centred in Harlem, Manhattan, New York City
• Took over the 1920s and 1930s