AAMC FL 3

Question 1

pOH calculation from pH

Answer 1

pH + pOH = 14

Question 2

cholesterol stucture

Answer 2

4 fused rings

Question 3

period

Answer 3

peak to peak or trough to trough

Question 4

activation energy

Answer 4

transition state energy - reactant energy

Question 5

thermodynamic stability

Answer 5

can determine from heat of combustion; Thermodynamic stability occurs when a system is in its lowest energy state, or chemical equilibrium with its environment.

Question 6

aldol condensation

Answer 6

enol form of one aldehyde performs nuc attack on carbonyl of second aldehyde or ketone –> an aldehyde and an alcohol one carbon apart

dehydration –> a double bond btween the middle carbon and former alcohol (alpha, beta unsaturated aldehyde)

Question 7

porphyrin

Answer 7

5 sided heterocycle with N and DB opposite nitrogen

Question 8

pH and pI relationship

Answer 8

if pH > pI –> -

if pH < pI –> +

Question 9

capacitance

Answer 9

capacitance = charge/voltage

Question 10

Energy stored by Capacitors

Answer 10

U = 1/2QV = 1/2CV^2 = 1/2Q^2/C

Question 11

proton exchange

Answer 11

occurs between lone pairs on elements and water in aqueous solution; implications for labeling

Question 12

how to tell if something is a redox reaction

Answer 12

do the oxidation numbers for all the elements involved; if changed, its a redox reaction

Question 13

amu

Answer 13

one molecule oxygen has is 16 amu

and

one mole of oxygen has a mass of 16 g

Question 14

property of waves not affected by medium

Answer 14

frequency

Question 15

resistivity

Answer 15

the inverse of conductivity

Question 16

volume flow rate

Answer 16

cross sectional area * fluid speed

Question 17

purines vs pyrimidines

Answer 17

A G // CUT

Question 18

apoptosis

Answer 18

blebbing, cell shrinkage, nuclear fragmentation, chromatin condensation, chromosomal DNA fragmentation, and global mRNA decay

Question 19

convergent vs divergent evolution

Answer 19

convergent evolution - organisms not closely related independently evolve similar traits bc similar environment

divergent evolution - speciation results; occurs when one species diverges into multiple descendant species

Question 20

restriction enzymes

Answer 20

need palindromic sequences ie. CCCGGG

Question 21

more contractile force?

Answer 21

any increase in intracellular calcium does this

Question 22

metabolic consequences of starving

Answer 22

Dramatic increases of glucagon and catecholamines; tissues rely on fatty acids

Question 23

ETC complexes

Answer 23

I - NADH dehydrogenase
II - succinate dehydrogenase
III - CoQH2-cytochrome c reductase
IV - cytochrome c oxidase

Question 24

Krebs substrates mnemonic

Answer 24

Citrate
Is // isocitrate
Krebs // alpha ketoglutarate
Starting // succinyl CoA
Substrate // succinate
For // fumarate
Making // malate
Oxaloacetate

Question 25

imprinted gene

Answer 25

genes whose expression is determined by the parent that contributed them; violate the usual rule of inheritance that both alleles in a heterozygote are equally expressed

Question 26

directionality of osmotic pressure

Answer 26

Osmotic pressure is the pressure needed to stop osmotic flow.

When there are a lot of solutes, the osmotic pressure is high.

When there is not a lot of solutes, osmotic pressure is low.

Question 27

acetylation vs methylation of histones

Answer 27

acetylation = less condensation

methylation = more condensation

Question 28

epithelial cells

Answer 28

specialized for secretion

Question 29

dichotic listening task

Answer 29

a very useful way to study selective attention; the task asked an observer pay attention to one of two different messages, each delivered to one ear over stereo earphones.

Question 30

social identity

Answer 30

individual components of our self-concept

related to the groups to which we belong

Question 31

functionalism

Answer 31

society is a system of interconnected parts that work together in harmony to maintain a state of balance and social equilibrium for the whole

Question 32

self-verification

Answer 32

theory proposes that people want others to see them as they see themselves

Question 33

serotonin

Answer 33

mood (aggression), and appetitite

Question 34

role strain vs role conflict

Answer 34

strain - the stress or strain experienced by an individual when incompatible behavior, expectations, or obligations are associated with a single social role

conflict - situation in which a person is expected to play two incompatible roles.

Question 35

hidden curriculum

Answer 35

a side effect of an education, “[lessons] which are learned but not openly intended” such as the transmission of norms, values, and beliefs conveyed in the classroom and the social environment.

Question 36

easterbrook hypothesis

Answer 36

arousal produces a narrowing of attention which selects among available stimuli

Question 37

what happens if you deprive someone of REM sleep?

Answer 37

REM rebound is the lengthening and increasing frequency and depth of rapid eye movement (REM) sleep which occurs after periods of sleep deprivation.

Question 38

what are the components of SES

Answer 38

income, education, occupation

Question 39

motion parallax

Answer 39

a monocular depth cue in which we view objects that are closer to us as moving faster than objects that are further away from us