A5 Forelimb 1

Question 1

Describe the regions of the forelimb

Answer 1

Shoulder (scapula)
Brachium (humerus)
Antebrachium (radius & ulna)
Carpus (carpal bones)
Manus (metacarpals)
Digits of manus (phalanges)

Question 2

Describe the attachment of the forelimb to the trunk

Answer 2

• Synsarcosis (attached by muscles alone)
• formed by extrinsic muscles of the forelimb (girdle muscles)
- rhomboideus m.
- trapezius m.
- serratus ventralis m.
- pectoralis m.

Question 3

Name the bones of the forelimb

Answer 3

• scapula
• humerus
• radius
• ulna
• carpal bones
• metacarpal bones
• phalanges

Question 4

Identify palpable bony landmarks in the live animal

Answer 4

Scapula - spine
Humerus - greater tubercle
Una - olecranon

Question 5

Describe the structure & function of the forelimb joints

Answer 5

Scapulohumeral joint
- synovial joint
- shallow ball and socket (humeral head & glenoid cavity)
- rotation, abduction, adduction, circumduction

Elbow joint
- synovial joint
- hinge joint, three articulations ( humeroradial, humeroulnar, proximal radioulnar
- flexion & extension

Carpus joints
- antebrachia carpal & distal radio-ulnar joints
- middle carpal joint
- carpometacarpal joint

Digit joints
- metacarpophalangeal joint
- proximal interphalangeal joint
- distal interphalangeal joint

Question 6

Describe the scapula

Answer 6

• Flat bone with prominent spine on its lateral aspect
• medial aspect has subscapular fossa & serrated face
• centrally the glenoid cavity where scapula articulates with humerus

Question 7

Describe the numerous

Answer 7

• Proximally large head which articulates with glenoid cavity

Question 8

Describe the radius

Answer 8

• Articulates with numerous proximally & carpal bones distally
• particular facet with ulna

Question 9

Describe the ulna

Answer 9

• Situated caudal to radius proximally & lateral to radius distally

Question 10

Describe the carpal bones

Answer 10

• Two rows consisting of 7 bones
• small sesa maid bone next to carpal bone 1

Question 11

Describe the metacarpal bones

Answer 11

• Five bones
• 1-5 in mediolateral sequence
• most medial = dew claw

Question 12

Describe the phalanges

Answer 12

• Each main digit made up of three bones: Pl, P2, P3
• P1 is the longest & most proximal
• dew claw; only as proximal & distal phalanx; sesamaid bone