A19 Abdomen 2

Question 1

Describe the topography of the spleen

Answer 1

• Lies against the left abdominal wall
• function: blood reservoir, removal of particulate matter, lymphocyte production

Question 2

Describe the topography of the urinary tract within the abdomen

Answer 2

Kidneys:
- paired
- retroperitoneal
- right kidney more cranial than left

Ureters:
- paired
- close to dorsal wall
- convey urine from kidney to bladder

Bladder:
- lies on floor of pelvic inlet
- ventral to uterine body (bitch), ventral to rectum (male)

Adrenal glands:
- paired
- craniomedial pole of kidney

Question 3

Describe the topography of the pancreas

Answer 3

• Right lobe - close to duodenum, within mesoduodenum
• left lobe - caudal part of stomach within greater momentum
• two ducts open into duodenum: major & minor duodenal papilla

Question 4

Describe the topography of the female reproductive tract

Answer 4

Ovaries:
- secretion of sex hormones
- caudal poles of kidneys
- right more cranial than left
- lie within ovarian bursa
- peritoneal attachment: proper ligament, suspensory ligament

Uterus:
- uterine horns merge to uterine body
- peritoneal attachments: broad ligament, body wall to uterus

Question 5

Describe the topography of male reproductive tract

Answer 5

• Ductus deferens travels from the inguinal canal (enclosed in vagina tunic) to the urethra
• ductus deferens suspended from body wall by genital fold = mesorchium

Question 6

Describe the blood supply to the abdominal viscera

Answer 6

Aorta

Celiac a.
→ hepatic a. (Liver, pancreas)
→ splenic a. (Spleen)
→ gastric a. (Stomach, pancreas, omenta)

Cranial mesenteric a. (Duodenum, pancreas, jejunum, ileum, caecum, colon)

Renal a.a. (Kidneys)

Ovarian/testicular a.a. ( ovaries, uterine tube & horns, testes)

Caudal mesenteric a. (Descending colon, rectum)

Question 7

Describe the blood supply to abdominal body wall

Answer 7

Phrenicoabdominal a.a.
- diaphragm, abdominal wall

Lumbar a.a.
- vertebral canal, expaxial m.m.

Deep circumflex iliac a.a.
- abdominal wall

External iliac a.a.
- hindlimb, abdominal wall

Internal iliac a.a.
- muscles over ilium

Median sacral a.

Question 8

Describe the venous drainage into the caudal vena cava

Answer 8

Hepatic v.v.
- drains liver

Phrenicoabdominal v.v.
- drains diaphragm, abdominal walls

Renal v.v.
- drains kidneys

Ovarian/ testicular v.v.
- drains ovaries /testes
- left ovarian/testicular v.v. drains into left renal vein

Lumbar v.v.
- drains vertebral canal, epaxial m.

Deep circumflex iliac v.v.
- drains abdominal wall

External iliac v.v.
- drains hindlimb, abdominal wall

Internal iliac v.v.
- drains muscles over ilium
- drains into external iliac v.v.

Median sacral v.
- drains tail

Question 9

Describe the blood supply to the liver

Answer 9

Oxygenated blood → hepatic a. (via celiac a.)
Deoxygenated blood → portal v.

Cranial mesenteric v. ( duodenum, pancreas, jejunum, caecum, ascending & transverse colon)

Caudal mesenteric v. ( ileum, caecum, descending colon, rectum)

Splenic v. (Spleen, stomach, pancreas)

Gastroduodenal v. (stomach, duodenum, pancreas, omentum)

Question 10

Describe the blood supply to the mammary glands

Answer 10

Thoracic mammae
- lateral thoracic a. (from axillary a.)
- intercostal a.

Abdominal mammae
- cranial superficial epigastric a. (from internal thoracic a.)
- phrenicoabdominal a.a

Abdominal & inguinal mammae
- caudal superficial epigastric a. (from external pudendal)
- deep circumflex iliac a.