A4.2- conservation of biodiversity

Question 1

ecosystem diversity

Answer 1

variety in the combinations of species living in the same community

Question 2

species diversity

Answer 2

number and differences of species in a community

Question 3

genetic diversity

Answer 3

variety of gene pool within a species

Question 4

comparison between number of species and past levels of biodiversity

Answer 4

10–100 million species exist on Earth

evidence from fossils suggest that there are currently more species alive on earth today than at any time in the past

Question 5

causes of anthropogenic species extinction

Answer 5

-agriculture
-urbanization
-overexploitation of natural resources
-mining
-water management
-leaching
-climate change

Question 6

evidence for biodiversity crisis

Answer 6

evidence can be drawn from IPBES reports and sources
-results from wide ranges of habitats around the world are required
-surveys need to be repeated to provide evidence in change;
-species diversity
-richness and evenness of biodiveristy
-area occupation

-

Question 7

IUCN red list

Answer 7

list established to update the list of world threatened species-has trusted info

Question 8

causes of biodiversity crisis

Answer 8

-overpopulation as overarching cause;

-hunting
-urbanization
-deforestation
-pollution
-spread of pests
-alien invasive species due to global transport

Question 9

what is a hotspot

Answer 9

The richest and most threatened reservoirs of plant and animal life on earth.

Question 10

criteria’s to identify hotspots

Answer 10

The number of species present.
The number of those species found exclusively in an ecosystem.
The degree of threat they face.

Question 11

what is extinction

Answer 11

last member of a species dies and the species vanishes forever from Earth

Question 12

what is extirpation

Answer 12

disappearance of a particular population, but not the entire species globally

Question 13

what are endemic species

Answer 13

species vulnerable to extinction

Question 14

what is a niche

Answer 14

the role or function of an organism in its environment

Question 15

what happens to a niche after extinction of a species

Answer 15

When a species goes extinct, its niche becomes available, and other species may be able to evolve and adapt to fill that niche.
This process is adaptive radiation

Question 16

reasons to prevent extinction

Answer 16

-species provide natural resources
-species contribute to economic services
-5-10 mill years to regain biodiversity
-species have an intrinsic right to exist

Question 17

different types of pollution

Answer 17

-air pollution
-smog
-water pollution
-biomagnification

Question 18

how invasive species lead to destruction of ecosystem

Answer 18

Introduced by people accidentally or intentionally
Can cause problems;
-if no natural enemies are present
-Loss of natural controls
-Lack of predators, parasites, competitors

Question 19

what is conservation

Answer 19

is the practice of preservation, protection and restoration of natural habitats.

Question 20

two types of conservation

Answer 20

1.In-situ
(conserving species in natural habitat)
-national parks
-rewilding damaged areas

2. Ex-situ
   (conserving species outside of natural location)
   -zoos
   -botanic gardens

Question 21

EDGE existence programme

Answer 21

project that uses two criteria’s to identify animal species that nedd conserving

1-evolutionary distinct (how many relatives)
2-globally endangered
(are remaining populations threatened)

-if both fit; species need conserving