A4 social development across life stages Flashcards
what is The role of play?
Play is the voluntary engagement in self-motivated activities that are normally associated with pleasure and enjoyment.
Play is a vital activity in children developing age appropriate skills and understanding their place in the World.
what is Unoccupied Solo Play?
The child is seemingly not engaged or actively playing with others at all. They may remain stationary and be engaged in random movements with no objective. This stage of play is mostly seen in new-born’s and infants, between the ages of 0 and 2. This is an important setting stage for future play exploration and development.
what is Solitary Play?
During this stage of play, children will often play alone, with toys different from those of others, and be uninterested or unaware of what others around them are doing. This stage of play is most commonly seen in young toddlers between the ages of 2 and 3, but it is important for children of all age groups to participate in from time to time. Solitary play is common at a young age because cognitive, physical and social skills have yet to fully develop. This type of play is important because it teaches children how to entertain themselves.
what is Parallel Play?
This occurs when children play side-by-side from one another, but there is a lack of group involvement amongst them. They will typically be playing with similar toys and often times mimic one another. Parallel play is common in toddlers between the ages of 2 ½ and 3 ½ but can take place at any age.
Although it looks like there is very little contact between them, these children are learning valuable social skills and actually learn quite a lot from one another. For this reason, parallel play is important as a transitory stage for the development of social maturity, which is key to later stages of play.
what is Associative Play?
At this stage, children will begin to play together, but not focused towards a common goal. A child will be more interested in playing with other children around them than the individual toys they play with. Associative play is slightly different than parallel play as children may continue to play separately from one another, but they start to become more involved in what others around them are doing.
You may find children playing or trading with the same toys or actively talking with or engaging one another, but no rules of play are being set. This type of play typically begins around ages 3 or 4, extending into the pre-school age. This is an important stage of play because it develops necessary skills such as cooperation, problems solving, and language development.
what is Cooperative Play?
Cooperative play is where play finally becomes organized into groups and teamwork is seen. Children are now interested in both the people that they are playing with as well as the activity at hand. The group is more formalized with a leader, as well as other assigned roles, and play organizes around accomplishing group goals or specific tasks.
Cooperative play begins in the late preschool period, between the ages of 4 and 6. It is uncommon to see children reach this stage until these later years, as it requires an evolved set of organizational skills and a higher degree of social maturity.
Cooperative play is indeed the culmination, bringing together all the skills learned across previous stages into action, giving the child the necessary skills for social and group interactions.
explain independence in Birth and infancy 0-2 years
We are born totally dependent on others to survive, however, through observations and a maturing cognitive understanding, babies attempt to do things for themselves. They begin to choose things, making decisions and start to problem solve.
explain independence in Early childhood 3-8 years
As they get older they observe a wider group of people, learning actions that bring independence and build confidence through trial and error. Encouragement, praise and rewards helps but children will still develop their own likes and dislikes.
explain independence in Adolescence 9-18 years
Choices of subjects at school and career decisions are made and possibly the start of a part-time job or in some cases, full-time employment giving the beginnings of financial independence. Managing finance, budgeting and having a bank account are important aspects of independence, like passing the driving test.
However, clashes with parents about how independent they can be may cause issues as parents have to make judgements about maturity.
explain independence in Early Adulthood 19-45 years
There’s a clear relationship between, leaving home, independence and adulthood. At some stage, usually in the 20’s, the average person leaves the family home, which is a major transitional event where financial independence and the ability to carry out all daily tasks, take place… well or not so well…. Occasional debt problems.
explain independence in Middle Adulthood 46-65 years
The average age of a female starting a family in the UK is 27 and a half, higher than the USA -25 and Mexico is 21. So providing for and raising a family is often a trait in early 40’s whereas, caring for grandchildren, considering finance and retirement plans is part of the later part of this age group.
explain independence in Later adulthood 65+ years
The amount of people living until they are 100 has increased by 73% in recent years, with many remaining active into their 80’s and even 90’s. So increasingly, people take advantage of financial stability, free bus passes, discounts for pensioners and retirement travel. However, many also have illnesses and health conditions which once again means they become dependent on others for care needs and social aspects of life.
People with health conditions, which become more of a risk with age, can actually remain independent with suitable care, communication or mobility aids to meet their individual needs. Domestic care within the persons home can also assist them to remain at home and meet social care needs.
