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human lifespan > A1 Physical development across the life stages > Flashcards

A1 Physical development across the life stages Flashcards

1
Q

what is a centile chart?

A

Centile charts display the growth of the baby, predicting growth, and ensuring they growing at healthy rate.

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2
Q

what do the centile lines mean?

A

a centile line is prediction of growth.

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3
Q

if a baby is on the 50th centile what does this mean?

A

50th centile means that 50% of babies the same age as her are the same weight/height or less

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4
Q

what is the role of health visitor?

A

The child will have an allocated health visitor that is attached to their GP. They will hold baby clinics for weighing and measuring at the surgery and also carry out timed home visits, recording in the red book.

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5
Q

what is a Primitive reflex?

A

reflex actions originating in the central nervous system in response to particular stimuli.

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6
Q

what is a Postural Reflex?

A

these are automatic movements that control the equilibration we require once upright and moving and having to combat the effects of gravity

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7
Q

what are Gross motor skills?

A

large movements, involving the bigger muscles, which require mobility and the coordination these require eg. Rolling over or reaching out.

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8
Q

what are Fine motor skills?

A

smaller precision movement, which requires dexterity and coordination. For example, picking up and holding a pencil, pincer movement.

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9
Q

at what age should a baby be able to stand alone?

A

11 months

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10
Q

at what age should a baby walk unassisted?

A

15 months

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11
Q

at what age do children learn lots of new Gross motor skills?

A

3 year plus, beginning primary school

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12
Q

at what age should children be able to jump, hot, climb etc

A

4-5 years

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13
Q

at what age do children become able to use pens and scissors (fine motor skills)?

A

2-3 years

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14
Q

at what age do children become able to open lunch boxes and use hand movements consistently?

A

3-4 years

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15
Q

at what age should children be able to write their own name?

A

4-5 years

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16
Q

at what age should children able to write numbers interpedently (1-10)?

A

5-6 years

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17
Q

at what age should children be able to write consistently on a line?

A

6-7 years

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18
Q

at what age should children able able to write neatly?

A

7-8 years

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19
Q

what is definition of Adolescence? 9-18yrs

A

An important status change following the onset of puberty during which a young person develops from a child into an adult.

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20
Q

what is the definition of puberty?

A

A period of rapid growth during which young people reach sexual maturity, and become biologically able to reproduce and secondary sexual characteristics develop.

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21
Q

what is a primary sexual characteristic?

A

changes and development of the reproductive organs.

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22
Q

what is a Secondary sexual characteristic?

A

any physical characteristic which distinguishes between the sexes but is not directly involved in reproduction.

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23
Q

name a primary sexual characteristic in males

A
  • Enlargement of penis and testes
  • Spontaneous erections caused by blood flowing into chambers in the penis.
  • The testicles begin to produce sperm
24
Q

name a primary sexual characteristic in females

A
  • The uterus enlarges and the vagina lengthens .
  • Ovaries begin to release eggs.
  • The menstrual cycle begins (menstruation)
25
Q

what is the average age a girl starts puberty?

A

11 – 13 years

26
Q

what is the average age a boy starts puberty?

A

13 to 15 years

27
Q

what is responsible for changes that occur in puberty?

A

sexual hormones (chemical substances)

28
Q

what gland releases sexual hormones?

A

Pituitary Gland

29
Q

what part of the brain signals the release of hormones ?

A

hypothalamus

30
Q

what are the female hormones?

A

Oestrogen and progesterone

31
Q

what is the male hormone?

A

Testosterone

32
Q

what secondary sexual characteristics develop in women?

A
  • hair growth

- bigger boob

33
Q

what secondary sexual characteristics develop in men?

A
  • hair growth
  • bigger willy
  • CUM
34
Q

what ages are considered early adulthood?

A

19-45yrs

35
Q

when are we at our physically and intellectually strongest?

A

25yrs

36
Q

when do bones stop growing?

A

21yrs

37
Q

what is main symptom of a pregnancy?

A

no period

38
Q

what hormone is released and maintains the pregnancy?

A

PROGESTERONE

39
Q

what hormone causes sickness in early stages?

A

OESTERONE

40
Q

what part of the body is mainly affected during pregnancy?

A

boobs, they prepare for milky

41
Q

after the birth, what happens to the hormones?

A

They Fall, this initiates milk production

42
Q

at what age does perimenopause begin?

A

late 40s

43
Q

what are some symptoms of perimenopause?

A 
depression
dizziness
hot flushes
dryness
weight gain
lower libido 
mood swings
44
Q

what age does middle adulthood occur?

A

45yrs-65yrs

45
Q

what are some effect during the aging process? (both sexes)

A

Increase weight maybe due to less activity
Loss of elasticity of skin-wrinkles
Loss of muscle tone and strength
Greying/thinning /loss of hair
Shrinkage of breasts
Reduction of body hair
ATROPHY (shrinkage) of sex organs
Irritability , mood changes/ swings
Loss of bone mass predisposing to OSTEOPOROSIS. (Thinning of bones leading to spontaneous fractures)
Slow increase in cholesterol levels . Increasing risks of heart attack.

46
Q

what are some effect during the aging process? (men)

A

quantity and quality of sperm diminish with ageing.

decline in testosterone secretion from 40 onwards an emotional rather than physical ‘menopause’

47
Q

at what age does menopause occur?

A

45-55yrs (whenever perimenopause ends)

48
Q

what happens in menopause?

A

Ending of menstruation and reduction of fertile eggs

Decrease in the production of hormones called GONADOTROPHINS (egg releaser)

49
Q

what is the life expectancy in the uk?

A

Average life expectancy of
woman is 82.9 years
and of men is 79.2 years

50
Q

what sense deteriorate in later adult hood?

A

sight and hearing

51
Q

name the 2 types of hearing loss?

A

Sensorineural hearing lossis caused by deterioration to the sensitive hair cells inside the inner ear or damage to the auditory nerve.

Conductive hearing losshappens when sounds are unable to pass from your outer ear to your inner ear, often because of a blockage such as earwax which occurs in older age

52
Q

why does sight deteriorate?

A

the weakening of muscles that help us to see close to or distance.

53
Q

why does mobility deteriorate?

A

Flexibility in joints, cartilage wastage and injuries can limit movement in older people and make it painful. Further loss of stamina and strength in muscles slow down and restrict movement and injuries take a long time to heal. Balance and coordination become more challenging which all impacts on an older persons independence and mobility

54
Q

why does height decrease in old age?

A

Cartilage becomes worn, brittle and gets less, and your spine is 1 third cartilage, so height is lost as the spine compacts. In addition the spine curves and older people stoop more

55
Q

what does Incontinence problems mean?

A

Weakened muscles at the bladder entrance and the anus causes leakages and the inability to hold on to urine or faeces for long periods.

56
Q

why are older people more likely to be ill?

A

Immune systems gets weaker, flu jabs are offered
Injuries take longer to heal and so are open to infection longer
Poor life style choices; obesity, smoking, drinking lead to greater chances of heart disease and diabetes
Kidney filtering systems deteriorate and don’t renew

57
Q

what happens when health and intellectual abilities deteriorate?

A

Many people are in good mental health but major depressive illness tends to be undiagnosed.
Parkinsons and Alzheimers are more common in older age.
Alzheimers is more prevalent as people live longer lives. However a mild cognitive impairment maybe an early sign of the disease

human lifespan (6 decks)

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