A1 Physical development across the life stages

Question 1

what is a centile chart?

Answer 1

Centile charts display the growth of the baby, predicting growth, and ensuring they growing at healthy rate.

Question 2

what do the centile lines mean?

Answer 2

a centile line is prediction of growth.

Question 3

if a baby is on the 50th centile what does this mean?

Answer 3

50th centile means that 50% of babies the same age as her are the same weight/height or less

Question 4

what is the role of health visitor?

Answer 4

The child will have an allocated health visitor that is attached to their GP. They will hold baby clinics for weighing and measuring at the surgery and also carry out timed home visits, recording in the red book.

Question 5

what is a Primitive reflex?

Answer 5

reflex actions originating in the central nervous system in response to particular stimuli.

Question 6

what is a Postural Reflex?

Answer 6

these are automatic movements that control the equilibration we require once upright and moving and having to combat the effects of gravity

Question 7

what are Gross motor skills?

Answer 7

large movements, involving the bigger muscles, which require mobility and the coordination these require eg. Rolling over or reaching out.

Question 8

what are Fine motor skills?

Answer 8

smaller precision movement, which requires dexterity and coordination. For example, picking up and holding a pencil, pincer movement.

Question 9

at what age should a baby be able to stand alone?

Answer 9

11 months

Question 10

at what age should a baby walk unassisted?

Answer 10

15 months

Question 11

at what age do children learn lots of new Gross motor skills?

Answer 11

3 year plus, beginning primary school

Question 12

at what age should children be able to jump, hot, climb etc

Answer 12

4-5 years

Question 13

at what age do children become able to use pens and scissors (fine motor skills)?

Answer 13

2-3 years

Question 14

at what age do children become able to open lunch boxes and use hand movements consistently?

Answer 14

3-4 years

Question 15

at what age should children be able to write their own name?

Answer 15

4-5 years

Question 16

at what age should children able to write numbers interpedently (1-10)?

Answer 16

5-6 years

Question 17

at what age should children be able to write consistently on a line?

Answer 17

6-7 years

Question 18

at what age should children able able to write neatly?

Answer 18

7-8 years

Question 19

what is definition of Adolescence? 9-18yrs

Answer 19

An important status change following the onset of puberty during which a young person develops from a child into an adult.

Question 20

what is the definition of puberty?

Answer 20

A period of rapid growth during which young people reach sexual maturity, and become biologically able to reproduce and secondary sexual characteristics develop.

Question 21

what is a primary sexual characteristic?

Answer 21

changes and development of the reproductive organs.

Question 22

what is a Secondary sexual characteristic?

Answer 22

any physical characteristic which distinguishes between the sexes but is not directly involved in reproduction.

Question 23

name a primary sexual characteristic in males

Answer 23

• Enlargement of penis and testes
• Spontaneous erections caused by blood flowing into chambers in the penis.
• The testicles begin to produce sperm

Question 24

name a primary sexual characteristic in females

Answer 24

• The uterus enlarges and the vagina lengthens .
• Ovaries begin to release eggs.
• The menstrual cycle begins (menstruation)

Question 25

what is the average age a girl starts puberty?

Answer 25

11 – 13 years

Question 26

what is the average age a boy starts puberty?

Answer 26

13 to 15 years

Question 27

what is responsible for changes that occur in puberty?

Answer 27

sexual hormones (chemical substances)

Question 28

what gland releases sexual hormones?

Answer 28

Pituitary Gland

Question 29

what part of the brain signals the release of hormones ?

Answer 29

hypothalamus

Question 30

what are the female hormones?

Answer 30

Oestrogen and progesterone

Question 31

what is the male hormone?

Answer 31

Testosterone

Question 32

what secondary sexual characteristics develop in women?

Answer 32

- hair growth | - bigger boob

Question 33

what secondary sexual characteristics develop in men?

Answer 33

- hair growth - bigger willy - CUM

Question 34

what ages are considered early adulthood?

Answer 34

19-45yrs

Question 35

when are we at our physically and intellectually strongest?

Answer 35

25yrs

Question 36

when do bones stop growing?

Answer 36

21yrs

Question 37

what is main symptom of a pregnancy?

Answer 37

no period

Question 38

what hormone is released and maintains the pregnancy?

Answer 38

PROGESTERONE

Question 39

what hormone causes sickness in early stages?

Answer 39

OESTERONE

Question 40

what part of the body is mainly affected during pregnancy?

Answer 40

boobs, they prepare for milky

Question 41

after the birth, what happens to the hormones?

Answer 41

They Fall, this initiates milk production

Question 42

at what age does perimenopause begin?

Answer 42

late 40s

Question 43

what are some symptoms of perimenopause?

Answer 43

``` depression dizziness hot flushes dryness weight gain lower libido mood swings ```

Question 44

what age does middle adulthood occur?

Answer 44

45yrs-65yrs

Question 45

what are some effect during the aging process? (both sexes)

Answer 45

Increase weight maybe due to less activity Loss of elasticity of skin-wrinkles Loss of muscle tone and strength Greying/thinning /loss of hair Shrinkage of breasts Reduction of body hair ATROPHY (shrinkage) of sex organs Irritability , mood changes/ swings Loss of bone mass predisposing to OSTEOPOROSIS. (Thinning of bones leading to spontaneous fractures) Slow increase in cholesterol levels . Increasing risks of heart attack.

Question 46

what are some effect during the aging process? (men)

Answer 46

quantity and quality of sperm diminish with ageing. | decline in testosterone secretion from 40 onwards an emotional rather than physical ‘menopause’

Question 47

at what age does menopause occur?

Answer 47

45-55yrs (whenever perimenopause ends)

Question 48

what happens in menopause?

Answer 48

Ending of menstruation and reduction of fertile eggs | Decrease in the production of hormones called GONADOTROPHINS (egg releaser)

Question 49

what is the life expectancy in the uk?

Answer 49

Average life expectancy of woman is 82.9 years and of men is 79.2 years

Question 50

what sense deteriorate in later adult hood?

Answer 50

sight and hearing

Question 51

name the 2 types of hearing loss?

Answer 51

Sensorineural hearing loss is caused by deterioration to the sensitive hair cells inside the inner ear or damage to the auditory nerve. Conductive hearing loss happens when sounds are unable to pass from your outer ear to your inner ear, often because of a blockage such as earwax which occurs in older age

Question 52

why does sight deteriorate?

Answer 52

the weakening of muscles that help us to see close to or distance.

Question 53

why does mobility deteriorate?

Answer 53

Flexibility in joints, cartilage wastage and injuries can limit movement in older people and make it painful. Further loss of stamina and strength in muscles slow down and restrict movement and injuries take a long time to heal. Balance and coordination become more challenging which all impacts on an older persons independence and mobility

Question 54

why does height decrease in old age?

Answer 54

Cartilage becomes worn, brittle and gets less, and your spine is 1 third cartilage, so height is lost as the spine compacts. In addition the spine curves and older people stoop more

Question 55

what does Incontinence problems mean?

Answer 55

Weakened muscles at the bladder entrance and the anus causes leakages and the inability to hold on to urine or faeces for long periods.

Question 56

why are older people more likely to be ill?

Answer 56

Immune systems gets weaker, flu jabs are offered Injuries take longer to heal and so are open to infection longer Poor life style choices; obesity, smoking, drinking lead to greater chances of heart disease and diabetes Kidney filtering systems deteriorate and don’t renew

Question 57

what happens when health and intellectual abilities deteriorate?

Answer 57

Many people are in good mental health but major depressive illness tends to be undiagnosed. Parkinsons and Alzheimers are more common in older age. Alzheimers is more prevalent as people live longer lives. However a mild cognitive impairment maybe an early sign of the disease