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Science 10 > A3.0 > Flashcards

A3.0 Flashcards

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1
Q

What is an exothermic reaction ?

A

A chemical reactions that release energy.
Usually in the form of either heat, light, electricity, or a combination of those.
Ex. a burning candle

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2
Q

What is an endothermic reaction ?

A

A chemical reaction that absorbs energy.
The reaction will not begin on its own but rather requires electricity or some kind of “activation” energy.
Usually feel cold.
Ex. instant cold packs

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3
Q

What is a precipitate ?

A

A solid with low solubility that forms from a solution.

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4
Q

The Law of Conservation of Mass says:

A

In a chemical reaction, matter cannot be created or destroyed.

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5
Q

What is used when there is more than 1 of a compound in an equation in order to balance it ?

A

Coefficients

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6
Q

5 types of chemical reactions ?

A

1) Formation
2) Decomposition
3) Hydrocarbon Combustion
4) Single Replacement
5) Double Replacement

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7
Q

What is a Formation Reaction:

A

Two elements combine to form a compound.
A + B = AB
These reactions are exothermic.
Are recognized by being the only reaction where both reactants are elements. (Not compounds)

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8
Q

What is a Decomposition Reaction?

A

A combined breaks down into its elements.
AB = A + B
These reactions are endothermic.
Recognized by being the only reaction with only 1 reactant.

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9
Q

What is a Hydrocarbon Combustion Reaction?

A

“Combustion” means to burn.
These reactions are exothermic.
the equation is always:
A hydrocarbon fuel + oxygen = carbon dioxide + water vapour
Recognized by having a hydrocarbon andoxygen as the reactants.

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10
Q

What is a Single Replacement Reaction?

A

An element reacts with a compound, a produces a new element and a new compound.
A+BC = AC + B
Recognized by having reactants that are a compound and an element that is not oxygen.

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11
Q

What is a Double Replacement Reaction?

A

2 compounds exchange ions to form 2 new compounds.
AB+CD = AD+CB
Recognized by being the only reaction where both reactants are compounds.

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12
Q

What type of reaction is this?

C6H12(l) + 9O2(g) =
6CO2(g) + 6H2O(g)

A

Hydrocarbon Combustion

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13
Q

What type of reaction is this?

CaCl2(aq) + Na2SO4(aq) =
CaSO4(s) + 2NaCl(aq)

A

Double Replacement

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14
Q

What type of reaction is this?

2Fe(s) + O2(g) = 2FeO(s)

A

Formation

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15
Q

What type of reaction is this?

Be(s) + 2LiBr(aq) =
BeBr2(aq) + 2Li(s)

A

Single Replacement

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16
Q

What type of reaction is this?

MnI4(aq) = Mn(s) + 2I2 (s)

A

Decomposition

17
Q

How many atoms are in a mole?

A

6.02 x 10^23

18
Q

6.02 x 10^23 is referred to as:

A

Avagadros number

19
Q

The mass of 1 mole of an element is called its:

A

Atomic molar mass (M)

*measures in g/mol

20
Q

Where is the atomic molar mass of an element found?

A

On the periodic table

Ex. Carbon= 12.01 g/mol
Sulfur= 32.07 g/mol

21
Q

How do we find the molar mass of compounds?

A

1) Write the chemical formula
2) List the number of atoms in each element
3) multiply this number by the molar mass of the element
4) Add the sums together

22
Q

What is the formula to

find the mass of a compound/element?

A

n= m/M

23
Q

The mole

concept and the Law of Conservation of Mass:

A

Remember that the total mass of reactants is always equal to the mass of the products.

24
Q

What is Specific Heat Capacity?

A

The amount of energy absorbed by 1g of a substance that causes it to increase in temperature by 1 degree Celsius (C)

25
Q

Does water have an usually high specific heat capacity or an unusually low one?

A

Usually high

the high specific heat capacity of water means that it can absorb lots of energy but stay at a constant temperature.

26
Q

AP content:

A
  • Hydrogen bonding in water is the attraction between a hydrogen atom of one molecule and an oxygen atom of another molecule.
  • Your genetic material (DNA) is held by h-bonds. DNA must be broken apart and replicated, so your body temperature is high enough that those a H-bonds break and reform frequently
  • Cities next to oceans experience more moderate temperatures because water can absorb heat without ganging temperature.
  • Vancouver is located next to a warm climate making it have a warmer average temperature year round.
  • Gander, Newfoundland is located next to a cool cute at making it having a cooler average temperature.
  • Lethbridge is landlocked, making it experience great temp variation form month to month.
27
Q

What is Quantity of Thermal Energy

A

The amount of thermal energy (measures in joules) that is absorbed or released when the temperature of a substance changes.

28
Q

What is the Quantity of Thermal Energy affected by?

A
  • the mass of the substance (measured in grams)
  • the amount of change in temperature (measured in degrees Celsius)
  • how easily the substance changes temperature (measured by its specific heat capacity)
29
Q

what is the formula to find quantity of thermal energy?

A

Q= mc∆t

m= mass of the substance (g)
c= specific heat capacity (j/g•°C)
∆t= change in temperature (°C)
30
Q

What is the hydrologic cycle?

A
  • The movement of water molecules throughout the biosphere.

- Water in the cycle changes from solid to liquid to gas and vice versa

31
Q

During phase changes, water changes state without changing….

A

temperature

*this occurs because the thermal energy is going towards breaking the hydrogen bonds between water molecules rather than making the water molecules move faster.

32
Q

Boiling is also called:

A

Vaporization

33
Q

Melting is also called:

A

Fusion

34
Q

Freezing is also called:

A

Solidification

35
Q

What is the Heat of Fusion of a substance?

A

The amount of energy absorbed when 1 mol of the substance melts from solid to liquid without changing temperature.
*it is the same as the heat of solidification which is the change from liquid to solid

36
Q

What is the Heat of Vaporization of a substance?

A

The amount of energy absorbed when 1 mol of the substance evaporates from liquid to gas without changing temperature.
*same as the heat of condensation, which is the change from gas to liquid

37
Q

What is the formula for finding the Heat of Fusion or the Heat of Vaporization?

A

Hfus = Q/n
or
Hvap = Q/n

Hfus= heat of fusion
Hvap= heat of vaporization 
Q= quantity of thermal energy (kJ)
n= number of moles (mol)
38
Q

All chemical reactions share what 2 features ?

A

1) A change in energy

2) One or more substances are produced

Science 10 (7 decks)

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