A2.0

Question 1

where are the non-metals located on the periodic table?

Answer 1

to the right of the staircase line

Question 2

what is a word used for unreactive?

Answer 2

inert

Question 3

where are the metalloids located on the periodic table?

Answer 3

along the staircase line (there are 8 of them)

Question 4

why can hydrogen be both a metal or a non-metal?

Answer 4

because it is capable of both giving away and taking in electrons

Question 5

what is group 1?

Answer 5

the alkali metals

very reactive

Question 6

what is group 2?

Answer 6

the alkaline-earth metals

less reactive than group 1

Question 7

what is group 17?

Answer 7

the halogens

react easily with alkali metals

Question 8

what is group 18?

Answer 8

the noble gases

very unreactive

Question 9

what is an isotope?

Answer 9

atoms of the same element that differ in the number of their neutrons
ex: carbon-12 and carbon-14 both have 6 protons but vary in their number of neutrons

Question 10

what is an energy level?

Answer 10

regions around the nucleus

Question 11

what is the octet rule?

Answer 11

the amount of electrons that each energy level can hold : 2-8-8

Question 12

what is a Bohr diagram?

Answer 12

drawings to illustrate elements’ atomic structure

Question 13

what is a valence electron?

Answer 13

valence electrons are all of the electrons on the outermost energy level

Question 14

how is an ion formed?

Answer 14

ions are formed when atoms gain or lose electrons to become like the nearest noble gas

Question 15

what is a cation?

Answer 15

a positively charged ion

Question 16

what is an anion?

Answer 16

a negatively charged ion

Question 17

what does IUPAC stand for?

Answer 17

International Union of Pure and Applied Chemists

Question 18

what is an ionic compound?

Answer 18

composed of one metal and one non-metal

Question 19

what is a molecular compound?

Answer 19

composed of two non-metals

Question 20

what is a crystal lattice?

Answer 20

different shapes of crystals are formed by different ratios of cations to anions

Question 21

what is a formula unit?

Answer 21

a formula unit is the ratio of cations to anions

Question 22

naming ionic compounds

Answer 22

name the cation first (metal)
name the anion second (non-metal) and change the ending to “ide”
eg: K3N -> potassium nitride

Question 23

what does aqueous mean? (aq)

Answer 23

dissolved in water

Question 24

what is a subscript?

Answer 24

subscripts (small numbers written at the bottom) are when you need more than one of an ion to accommodate the electrons

Question 25

what are multivalent metals?

Answer 25

elements that have more than one possible ion charge

Question 26

what are polyatomic ions?

Answer 26

made up of several non-metallic atoms joined together, which have a charge as an entire group

Question 27

the bond formed in a molecular compound is called..?

Answer 27

covalent bond

Question 28

the bond formed in an ionic compound is called..?

Answer 28

an ionic bond

Question 29

naming molecular compounds

Answer 29

name the first element name the second and change the ending to "ide" you need to use prefixes to tell you how many of each element eg: SO2 -> sulfur dioxide

Question 30

the prefixes for naming molecular compounds are..?

Answer 30

``` 1 - mono 2 - di 3 - tri 4 - tetra 5 - penta 6 - hexa 7 - hepta 8 - octa 9 - nona (ennea) 10 - deca ```

Question 31

molecular compounds with common names

Answer 31

``` water - H2O (l) glucose - C6H12O6 (s) sucrose - C12H22O11 (s) methane - CH4 (g) methanol - CH3OH (l) ethanol - C2H5OH (l) ammonia - NH3 (g) propane - C3H8 (g) hydrogen peroxide - H2O2 (l) hydrogen sulfide - H2S (g) ```

Question 32

ionic properties

Answer 32

``` solid at room temperature high melting / boiling point form crystalline structures soluble in water conduct electricity in solution ```

Question 33

why is water a polar molecule?

Answer 33

because it has a slightly negative and slightly positive pole

Question 34

what is a solubility table?

Answer 34

used to determine whether or not an ionic compound is soluble by using a solubility table (found in data booklet)

Question 35

properties of molecular compounds

Answer 35

can be solid liquid or gas at room temperature. their melting points are much lower than ionic compounds. some form crystals but they are weak and do not hold their shape. while some molecular compounds are soluble in water, their solutions will not conduct electricity

Question 36

special properties of water

Answer 36

the 3D structure of ice crystals results from the unusually strong attraction between water particles, and means: 1) ice crystals and snowflakes are 6 sided 2) ice is less dense than liquid water - ice floats

Question 37

what is a buffer?

Answer 37

buffers are compounds that keep the pH of a solution constant

Question 38

what does pH stand for?

Answer 38

power of hydrogen

Question 39

what is the pH of an acid?

Answer 39

lower than 7

Question 40

what is the pH of a base?

Answer 40

higher than 7

Question 41

what is the pH of a neutral substance?

Answer 41

7

Question 42

properties of an acid

Answer 42

sour | wet

Question 43

properties of a base

Answer 43

bitter slippery pH > 7 reaction with litmus : turns blue

Question 44

naming acids

Answer 44

- ide ➡️ hydro___ic acid - ate ➡️ ____ic acid - ite ➡️ ____ous acid

Question 45

what is neutralization?

Answer 45

when an acid and a base react together, their properties cancel each other out the products of this reaction are water and a salt

Question 46

what is a controlled substance?

Answer 46

chemicals classified as a controlled substance by the Canadian government based on : their environmental effects

Question 47

where are the metals located on the periodic table?

Answer 47

to the left of the staircase line