A1.0 Flashcards
what does HSHS stand for?
Household Safety Hazard Symbols
what does MSDS stand for?
Material Safety Data Sheet
What kind of information does an MSDS provide?
the particular properties, hazards, and emergency procedures for a specific chemical.
What is the definition of matter?
matter is anything that has mass and takes up space
what does WHMIS stand for?
Workplace Hazardous Materials Information System
what are properties?
the physical and chemical characteristics of a substance.
physical properties are …
the appearance and composition of a substance.
what are chemical properties …
the reactivity of a substance
what is an element?
cannot be broken down into other substances.
what is a compound?
made up of two or more elements in fixed ratios
what is a homogeneous mixture?
the separate components are not visible
what is a heterogeneous mixture?
the separate components are visible
what is a mechanical mixture?
the different substances are clearly visible.
eg: trail mix
what is a suspension?
the components of the mixture are in different states.
eg: mud in water
what is a colloid?
similar to a suspension but the suspended substance cannot be easily separated out.
eg: whole milk
what is a physical change?
does not alter the chemical characteristics of the substances involved.
what is a chemical change?
the substances produced have different chemical properties than the substances that reacted
what does heating food do?
temporarily sterilizes it. ( kills the micro-organisms) // can be a physical or chemical change
what is canning food?
heating the food, then sealing it in an air-tight container. // chemical change
what is freezing food?
low temperatures prevent the growth of micro-organisms // physical change
what is salting?
salt dries the water out of the meat, but also preserves it by drying the water out of any bacteria. // chemical change
what is fermentation?
bacteria naturally present on the surface of living organisms converts starches and sugars into acid preserving the food and giving it a sour flavour. // chemical change
AP CONTENT
- method of producing energy by cells that doesn’t require oxygen - anaerobic
- occurs in the cytoplasm of cells
- depending on the type, the process can either produce alcohol (ethanol) or lactic acid
- lactobacillus bulgaricus (bacteria) causes milk to sour
- saccharomyces cerevisiae (yeast) allows fermentation necessary for baked goods and alcoholic beverages
what is metallurgy?
the science of producing and using metals
what is annealing?
the heating of a metal before its hammered, which makes it less brittle
what is alloys?
the heating and combination of two or more metals to gain the benefits of both
what is smelting?
extracting pure metal from its ore
what is alchemy?
early experiments involving a combination of science and magic. was mostly schemes for getting rich or producing “ miracle cures “ the process resulted in :
• the discovery of mercury
• a method for the production of acids such as hydrochloric acid
• the improvement of glassware and lab equipment
what is our understanding of the atom?
different elements are simply different combinations of the same three particles
what are protons (p+)
positively charged particles found in the nucleus
what are neutrons (n0)
neutral particles found in the nucleus
what are electrons (e-)
tiny negatively charged particles in orbit around the nucleus
Aristotle
said that all matter was composed of 4 elements: earth, air, water and fire
Democritus
said that matter was made up of tiny particles, called atomos, that could not be divided into smaller pieces
John Dalton ( billiard ball model )
said that atoms are like small spheres that varied in size mass or colour
J.J Thomson
he was credited with the discovery of the electron
Ernest Rutherford
begun his research with Thomson, but expanded on his ideas by discovering the nucleus
Neils Bohr
credited with discovering the orbital levels of the electrons
how many HSHS symbols are there?
4
how many WHMIS symbols are there?
8
