A3 - Joints Flashcards
Name the three joint types
fibrous, cartilaginous and synovial.
What are fibrous joints?
joints that are fixed and allow no movement.
What are cartilaginous joints?
joints that are slightly movable.
What are synovial joints?
joints that are freely movable.
Why are synovial joints important in sport?
they provide the greatest range of movement.
What are the six different groups that are divided in the synovial joints?
condyloid, pivot, hinge. gliding, saddle, ball and socket.
What are condyloid joints?
joint that allow movement in two planes. It allows flexion, extension, adduction, abduction and circumduction.
What are pivot joints?
joint at the elbow and between the first and second vertebrae. It allows twisting or rotation.
What are hinge joints?
joint that allows flexion and extension.
What are gliding joints?
joint is formed between the bones of the wrist and foot. The bones glide over each other to allow sliding or twisting movements.
What are saddle joints?
joint that is formed between the carpals and metacarpals at the base of the thumb. It allows flexion, extension, adduction, abduction and circumduction (same as condyloid joints).
What are ball and socket joints?
joint that gives the greatest range of movement. It allows flexion, extension, adduction, abduction and rotation.
How is the pivot joint is used in sport?
in football the pivot joint formed between the first and second vertebrae at the neck allows the player to tilt their head back to be able to watch the ball in the air.
How is the hinge joint is used in sport?
in volleyball the hinge joint formed between the humerus, radius and ulna at the elbow allows the player to bend their arm to serve the ball.
How is the condyloid joint used in sport?
in gymnastics the condyloid joint formed between the radius, ulna and carpals at the wrist allows the gymnast to put their hands flat on the bar to maintain their weight.
How is the ball and socket joint used in sport?
in cricket the ball and socket join formed between the scapula and humerus at the shoulder allows the bowler to bowl the cricket ball.
How is the saddle joint used in sport?
in tennis the saddle joint formed between the carpals and metacarpals at the thumb in the wrist allows the player to grip the tennis racket and the ball.
How is the gliding join used in sport?
in football the gliding joint formed between the tarsals and metatarsals of the foot increases the flexibility of the foot, allowing the player to turn the foot to kick the ball.
What is a joint capsule?
an outer sleeve to help hold the bones in place and protect the joint. This capsule will also contain the main structure of the synovial joint.
What is a bursa?
a small fluid-filled sac which provides a cushion between the tendons and the bones, preventing friction. Bursae are filled with synovial fluid.
What is an articular cartilage?
provides a smooth and slippery covering to stop the bones rubbing or grinding together.
What is a synovial membrane?
the capsule lining that releases synovial fluid.
What is synovial fluid?
a viscous (thick) liquid that lubricates the joint and reduces the friction between the bones, preventing them from rubbing together. It also provides nutrients to the articular cartilage.
What are ligaments?
hold the bones together and keep them in place.
What is flexion?
reducing the angle of the bones forming the joint.
