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BTEC Sport Level 3 - Skeletal System (A1-A6) > A1, A2, A3, A4, A5, A6 - All Content > Flashcards

A1, A2, A3, A4, A5, A6 - All Content Flashcards

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Sports Trivia flashcards
1
Q

What is kyphosis?

A

excessive outward curvature of the spine, causing hunching of the back.

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2
Q

What is scoliosis?

A

abnormal lateral curvature of the spine.

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3
Q

What is ossification?

A

the process in which bone is formed.

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4
Q

What are osteoblasts?

A

a cell which secretes the substance of bone.

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5
Q

What are osteoclasts?

A

large bone cell which absorbs bone tissue during growth and healing.

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6
Q

Name the three spine alignments

A

neutral, kyphosis and scoliosis.

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7
Q

Name the five bone types

A

long, short, flat, sesamoid and irregular.

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8
Q

Name three examples of a long bone type

A

tibia, fibula, femur, metatarsals, phalanges, humerus, radius, ulna or metacarpals.

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9
Q

Name both examples of a short bone type

A

carpals and tarsals.

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10
Q

Name two examples of a flat bone type

A

cranium, sternum, scapula or ribs.

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11
Q

Name an example of a sesamoid bone type

A

patella.

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12
Q

Name an example of a irregular bone type

A

vertebrae.

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13
Q

What are the function of long bones?

A
  • source of red blood cell production; essential for oxygen delivery.
  • enables large movements, allowing increased speed or range in which an object can be moved.
  • acts as levers to generate more force on an object.
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14
Q

What are the function of short bones?

A
  • increase stability and reduce unwanted movement.
  • weight bearing; helping the body to remain upright or hold balance.
  • absorb shock, such as when running.
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15
Q

What are the function of sesamoid bones?

A
  • ease joint movement, meaning more fluid.

- resist friction so movement is not slowed down.

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16
Q

What are the function of flat bones?

A
  • protect vital organs to reduce injury.
  • enable muscle attachment to create movement.
  • produce blood cells in adults.
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17
Q

Explain how a long bone type can be applied in sport

A

in football the femur allows a large movement to increase power as the ball is kicked.

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18
Q

Explain how a sesamoid bone type can be applied in sport

A

in football the patella allows ease of movement at the knee.

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19
Q

Explain how a flat bone type can be applied in sport

A
  • in football the pelvis provides large areas for muscle attachment so the hip can be extended to prepare to kick the ball.
  • in rugby the ribs protect the lungs when getting tackled.
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20
Q

Explain how a short bone type can be applied in sport

A

in football tarsals support the body weight so the player remains upright.

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21
Q

Name two functions of the skeleton

A
  • support, give body shape and provide the supporting framework for the soft tissues of your body.
  • bones of the skeleton surround and protect vital tissue of your body.
  • attachment for skeletal muscles.
  • source of blood cell production.
  • store of minerals.
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22
Q

Explain bone growth

A

1) it begins with unnecessary calcium being removed via the cell osteoclasts while new layers of bone tissue is created.
2) Osteoblasts bring calcium to the bones and are responsible for creating bone matter.
4) The ends of each long bone contain epiphyseal plates which allow the bone to grow longer and to extend.
5) Once the long bone is fully formed, the end of each bone fuses with the main shaft (diaphysis) to create the epiphyseal line.

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23
Q

Name the five areas of the spine (top-bottom)

A

cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacrum, coccyx.

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24
Q

Name the three curves of the spine (top-bottom)

A

cervical, thoracic and lumbar

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25
Q

Name the three joint types

A

fibrous, cartilaginous and synovial.

26
Q

What are fibrous joints?

A

joints that are fixed and allow no movement.

27
Q

What are cartilaginous joints?

A

joints that are slightly movable.

28
Q

What are synovial joints?

A

joints that are freely movable.

29
Q

Why are synovial joints important in sport?

A

they provide the greatest range of movement.

30
Q

What are the six different groups that are divided in the synovial joints?

A

condyloid, pivot, hinge. gliding, saddle, ball and socket.

31
Q

What are condyloid joints?

A

joint that allow movement in two planes. It allows flexion, extension, adduction, abduction and circumduction.

32
Q

What are pivot joints?

A

joint at the elbow and between the first and second vertebrae. It allows twisting or rotation.

33
Q

What are hinge joints?

A

joint that allows flexion and extension.

34
Q

What are gliding joints?

A

joint is formed between the bones of the wrist and foot. The bones glide over each other to allow sliding or twisting movements.

35
Q

What are saddle joints?

A

joint that is formed between the carpals and metacarpals at the base of the thumb. It allows flexion, extension, adduction, abduction and circumduction (same as condyloid joints).

36
Q

What are ball and socket joints?

A

joint that gives the greatest range of movement. It allows flexion, extension, adduction, abduction and rotation.

37
Q

How is the pivot joint is used in sport?

A

in football the pivot joint formed between the first and second vertebrae at the neck allows the player to tilt their head back to be able to watch the ball in the air.

38
Q

How is the hinge joint is used in sport?

A

in volleyball the hinge joint formed between the humerus, radius and ulna at the elbow allows the player to bend their arm to serve the ball.

39
Q

How is the condyloid joint used in sport?

A

in gymnastics the condyloid joint formed between the radius, ulna and carpals at the wrist allows the gymnast to put their hands flat on the bar to maintain their weight.

40
Q

How is the ball and socket joint used in sport?

A

in cricket the ball and socket join formed between the scapula and humerus at the shoulder allows the bowler to bowl the cricket ball.

41
Q

How is the saddle joint used in sport?

A

in tennis the saddle joint formed between the carpals and metacarpals at the thumb in the wrist allows the player to grip the tennis racket and the ball.

42
Q

How is the gliding join used in sport?

A

in football the gliding joint formed between the tarsals and metatarsals of the foot increases the flexibility of the foot, allowing the player to turn the foot to kick the ball.

43
Q

What is a joint capsule?

A

an outer sleeve to help hold the bones in place and protect the joint. This capsule will also contain the main structure of the synovial joint.

44
Q

What is a bursa?

A

a small fluid-filled sac which provides a cushion between the tendons and the bones, preventing friction. Bursae are filled with synovial fluid.

45
Q

What is an articular cartilage?

A

provides a smooth and slippery covering to stop the bones rubbing or grinding together.

46
Q

What is a synovial membrane?

A

the capsule lining that releases synovial fluid.

47
Q

What is synovial fluid?

A

a viscous (thick) liquid that lubricates the joint and reduces the friction between the bones, preventing them from rubbing together. It also provides nutrients to the articular cartilage.

48
Q

What are ligaments?

A

hold the bones together and keep them in place.

49
Q

What are the responses of the skeletal system to exercise?

A
  • stimulates increase of mineral uptake (calcium) within the bones.
  • stimulates production of collagen due to increased stress on bone as a result of exercise.
50
Q

What are responses?

A

these are the immediate, short-term ways that the skeletal system reacts when you exercise.

51
Q

What are adaptations?

A

these are the long-term ways that the skeletal system changes due to regular training.

52
Q

What are the responses of the skeletal system to exercise within the joint?

A
  • increased range of movement due to:
  • reduction in viscosity of the synovial fluid.
  • increased pliability of the ligaments.
  • increased production of synovial fluid to ensure the articular cartilage does not dry out.
53
Q

What are adaptations of the skeletal system to exercise?

A
  • increased bone density and strength due to increased mineral content and bone cell activity make the bones less likely to fractures or breaks.
  • increased ligaments strength reduces the risk of dislocation at a joint.
  • increased thickness of articular cartilage, protects the ends of the bones from wear and tear.
  • reduced risk of injury allowing to train for longer and harder.
54
Q

What is arthritis?

A

common disease of the skeleton and can affect people of all ages.

55
Q

What are the two common types of arthritis?

A

osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis.

56
Q

What is osteoarthritis?

A

osteoarthritis causes the articular cartilage to thin, which would cause pain and lack of mobility at the joint. This would make it difficult to exercise.

Mainly develops in those over 40, but can occur at any age.

57
Q

What is rheumatoid arthritis?

A

rheumatoid arthritis causes inflammation of the joints so they become painful and swollen.

The synovial membrane of the joint becomes inflamed, due to a build-up of fluid.

Although the inflammation can be reduced, the joint capsule has been stretched making the joint less stable. Pain at the joint and, later, the increased risk of deformity at the joint will make activity difficult.

Normally develops between the ages of 40-50; women are more likely to get this condition then men.

58
Q

What is osteoporosis?

A

osteoporosis is the reduction in bone density. It can be caused by a lack of calcium, vitamin D and a sedentary lifestyle. The reduction in bone mass makes the bone more brittle, with increased risk of fracturing a bone from even a minor bump or fall.

59
Q

What are the benefits of regular exercise?

A

higher levels of weight-bearing physical activity can reduce age-related bone loss by putting gentle stress on the bones; not too much that they fracture, but enough so that new bone growth is encouraged.

60
Q

Why is strength training bad for young children?

A

it can negatively affect bone growth.

61
Q

How can arthritis be prevented?

A

regular exercise.

62
Q

How can osteoporosis be prevented?

A

as well as regular exercise, resistance training is a good method of preventing osteoporosis, as overloading the skeleton will increase bone density.

BTEC Sport Level 3 - Skeletal System (A1-A6) (5 decks)

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