A2 FP1 : Mary I, Relations with Foreign Powers and the Spanish Marriage Flashcards
What were the main influences in Mary’s foreign policy? Were these achieved?
- To restore Papal Supremacy
- To advance Philip’s cause as her choice of husband
These were achieved in 1554
What was Mary’s Foreign Policy a consequence of?
It was a consequence of Mary’s marriage to Philip of Spain as it made it hard to keep impartiality in Foreign Affairs.
When was the Franco-Spanish War?
1557
Failures of Foreign Policy
What happened in 1555 that led to one of Mary’s greatest failures?
The election of the Anti Spanish Pope Paul IV in 1555 resulted in renewed war between France and Spain
Failures of Foreign Policy
What was the main-problem with Mary’s support of Philip in the Franco-Spanish war?
It essentially put her at war with the Papacy as Paul IV hated the Spanish.
Failures of Foreign Policy
What was the greatest failure of Mary’s foreign policy?
The loss of Calais in Janurary 1558 - international humilitation.
Why did Mary want to marry?
Problems of Succession
Mary was anxious to marry so that she could produce a catholic heir ; she took advice from the Imperial Ambassador Simon Renard to marry Charles V’s son Philip of Spain.
Failures of Succession
Why was there opposition to the marriage?
- It was done without the consultation of the Privy Chamber
Charles V was a staunch Catholic who would add strength to the Counter Reformation
Philip was the heir to Spain meaning he would use England to further his ambitions
Failures of Succession
When did the marriage take place?
1554
Failures of succession
What happened after the marriage?
Philip wanted to spend as little time in England as possible ; he only visited the country once and that was to try and convince Mary to follow him into war. Mary had 2 false pregnancies.
Failures of the Succession
What were the terms of the marriage treaty?
- Gave Philip the Title of King but no actual power
- Forbade foreigners from holding English office
- Ruled that philip had no claim to the English Crown if Mary died before him.
- Absolved England from any unvolvement in or financial support for Philip’s wars.
Failures of the Succession
What is some evidence that Parliament objected to the Spanish Marriage?
- In 1554 Parliament rejected a bill that would have included Philip alongside Mary in a new treason law
- In 1555 Parliament prevented Philip’s coronation as king.
