A - Psychological Interventions

Question 1

Describe Aversion Therapy

Answer 1

Before treatment: emetic (drug) – nausea/vomiting

During treatment: alcohol + emetic – nausea/vomiting

After treatment: alcohol only – nausea/vomiting

Contingency contracting: individual identifies the environmental factors that associate with smoking/drinking

Question 2

Apply Aversion Therapy to smoking

Answer 2

Smoking: rapid smoking – individual sits in a closed room taking a puff on a cigarette every 6 seconds, this leads to feelings of nausea – associate unpleasant feelings (nausea) with smoking

Question 3

What does the Operant Conditioning approach suggest?

Answer 3

Rewards would need to be given to encourage that behaviour

Token economy is most frequently used in institutional settings

Question 4

What is the aim of CBT?

Answer 4

To change behaviour by changing the conditions that serve to maintain it and by promoting positive cognition
Could be linked to theory of planned behhaviour

Question 5

Name 2 weaknesses of Smith’s research

Answer 5

Doesn’t address cause so may not be permanent

Causes distress/discomfort (unethical)

Question 6

Name a weakness of Higgins’ research

Answer 6

May not be effective when rewards stopped

Question 7

What is a weakness of Ladoucer’s findings/CBT?

Answer 7

Not successful for everyone on the programme so it is not effective for all

Question 8

When are psychological methods most effective?

Answer 8

When used in conjunction with biological therapies