A&P Test 2 Lecture 9 Flashcards

1
Q

Thyroid Follicles

A

Create thyroid hormones; consisted of a proteinaceous secretory substance called colloid surrounded by follicular cells.

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2
Q

Parafollicular Cells

A

are cells found between the numerous thyroid follicles.

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3
Q

Thyroid Hormones

A

T4 and T3

  • stimulate increases in the basal metabolic rate of the animal.
  • stimulate increases in availability of substances for oxidative metabolism.
  • stimulate increase in cardiac output to meet increased )2 demand.
  • stimulate reactivity of the nervous system
  • in infants: maturation of nervous system.
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4
Q

Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR)

A

resting rate of calorie expenditure by the body.

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5
Q

Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)

A

stimulates the follicular cells in the thyroid gland to release T3 and T4

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6
Q

Thyrotopin- releasing Hormone (TRH)

A

Released from hypothalamus to maintain constant thyroid hormone level.

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7
Q

Goiter

A

and enlarged thyroid gland

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8
Q

Calcitriol

A

made from vitamin D. stimulates absorption of dietary Ca^+2 by the intestine.

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9
Q

Parathyroid hormone

A

increases plasma Ca+2 and decreases PO4^-3

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10
Q

Parathyroid Gland

A

four small lobes of glandular tissue embedded in the dorsal side of the thyroid gland.

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11
Q

Calcitonin (CT)

A

lowers plasma Ca^+2; controls Ca^+2 in the ECF of non-pregnant mammals, major regulator of Ca^+2 in lower vertebrates.

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12
Q

Rickets

A

Vitamin D deficiency do to lack of exposure to the sun and lack of vitamin D in the diet.

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13
Q

Vitamin D

A

A deficiency can lead to bone softening which results in bow-legged and in severe cases can cause seizures.

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14
Q

Cretinism

A

congenital hypothyroidism results in severely stunted physical and mental growth

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