A&P Test 2 Lecture 9

Question 1

Thyroid Follicles

Answer 1

Create thyroid hormones; consisted of a proteinaceous secretory substance called colloid surrounded by follicular cells.

Question 2

Parafollicular Cells

Answer 2

are cells found between the numerous thyroid follicles.

Question 3

Thyroid Hormones

Answer 3

T4 and T3

• stimulate increases in the basal metabolic rate of the animal.
• stimulate increases in availability of substances for oxidative metabolism.
• stimulate increase in cardiac output to meet increased )2 demand.
• stimulate reactivity of the nervous system
• in infants: maturation of nervous system.

Question 4

Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR)

Answer 4

resting rate of calorie expenditure by the body.

Question 5

Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)

Answer 5

stimulates the follicular cells in the thyroid gland to release T3 and T4

Question 6

Thyrotopin- releasing Hormone (TRH)

Answer 6

Released from hypothalamus to maintain constant thyroid hormone level.

Question 7

Goiter

Answer 7

and enlarged thyroid gland

Question 8

Calcitriol

Answer 8

made from vitamin D. stimulates absorption of dietary Ca^+2 by the intestine.

Question 9

Parathyroid hormone

Answer 9

increases plasma Ca+2 and decreases PO4^-3

Question 10

Parathyroid Gland

Answer 10

four small lobes of glandular tissue embedded in the dorsal side of the thyroid gland.

Question 11

Calcitonin (CT)

Answer 11

lowers plasma Ca^+2; controls Ca^+2 in the ECF of non-pregnant mammals, major regulator of Ca^+2 in lower vertebrates.

Question 12

Rickets

Answer 12

Vitamin D deficiency do to lack of exposure to the sun and lack of vitamin D in the diet.

Question 13

Vitamin D

Answer 13

A deficiency can lead to bone softening which results in bow-legged and in severe cases can cause seizures.

Question 14

Cretinism

Answer 14

congenital hypothyroidism results in severely stunted physical and mental growth