A&P Test 2 Lecture 7

Question 1

Hormones

Answer 1

regulate metabolic activities of various target cells within an organism.

Question 2

Trophic hormones

Answer 2

are hormones that regulate the release of other hormones

Question 3

Target Cells

Answer 3

any cell that contains receptors that bind and react to specific hormone.

Question 4

Endocrines or circulating hormones

Answer 4

hormones released by endocrine glands that are carried in the blood plasma to act on distant target cells

Question 5

Neuroendocrines or neurohormones

Answer 5

hormones released by neurons that are carried in plasma to act on distant target cells.

Question 6

paracrines

Answer 6

local hormones that act on neighboring cells

Question 7

autocrines

Answer 7

local hormones that act on the same cell

Question 8

steroids

Answer 8

hormones that synthesized from cholesterol.

Question 9

Amplification

Answer 9

the effects of small amounts of hormone binding to target cells greatly amplified in intracellular signaling pathways; allowing a small amount of a hormone binding to a receptor to activate a powerful response throughout its target cell.

Question 10

G-Protein

Answer 10

are molecular switches that link plasma membrane receptors with intracellular signaling pathways.

Question 11

Protein Phosphateses

Answer 11

enzymes that catalyze the removal of phosphate from protein effectors to turn them “off”.

Question 12

Protein Kinases

Answer 12

enzymes that catalyze the addition of a phosphate to a protein effector to turn them “on”

Question 13

Molecular switches

Answer 13

are proteins that can be switched from inactive state (“off”) to an active state(“on”) in response to an appropriate signal

Question 14

2nd Messengers

Answer 14

intracellular small molecules and ions that act as intracellular signals to activate various components of a signaling pathway.