A&P Skeletal and muscular systems

Question 1

Ligament

Answer 1

band of strong fibrous tissue, connect bone to bone

Question 2

Articular cartilage

Answer 2

smooth cartilage this is spongy and covers the ends of the bones, absorbs shock and prevents friction between ends of the bones

Question 3

Joint Capsule

Answer 3

Tough fibrous tissue that has two layers, helps strengthen the joint and gives out synovial fluid.

Question 4

Ball and socket

Answer 4

A ball shaped bone articulates with a more cupped surface, movement can occur is three planes, examples are shoulder and hip

Question 5

Hinge

Answer 5

A cylindrical position of one bone articulates with a arc shaped bone, movement is restricted to one plane allows bending and straightening only, elbow, knee ankle.

Question 6

Pivot

Answer 6

A pointed structure of one bone articulating with a ring-shaped bone, movement is restricted to one plane, spine and radio-ulnar

Question 7

Condyloid

Answer 7

Much flatter articulating surfaces, similar to ball and socket, movement can occur in two planes, wrist is an example.

Question 8

Gliding

Answer 8

Articulating surfaces that are almost flat and of similar size, allows movement of three planes but still very limited, spine.

Question 9

Anterior

Answer 9

Towards the front of your body

Question 10

Posterior

Answer 10

Towards the back of your body

Question 11

Superior

Answer 11

Towards the top of your body (head)

Question 12

Inferior

Answer 12

Towards the bottom of your body (feet)

Question 13

Medial

Answer 13

Towards the middle of your body

Question 14

Lateral

Answer 14

Towards the outside of your body

Question 15

Abduction of a joint

Answer 15

Makes a body part move away from the midline of the body

Question 16

Adduction of a joint

Answer 16

Makes a body part move towards the midline of the body, (ADDing to your body)

Question 17

Circumduction

Answer 17

Makes a body part move from an anatomical position, the joint stays still whilst the furthest end of the body part moves in a circle

Question 18

Pronation of the radio-ulnar

Answer 18

Palms move to face backwards or downwards

Question 19

Supination of the radio-ulnar

Answer 19

Palms facing forwards or upwards, like holding a bowl of soup.

Question 20

Lateral flexion

Answer 20

Bending the spine sideways as you might do as a part of a warm up to mobilise your spine.

Question 21

Dorsiflexion of the ankle joint

Answer 21

Makes the foot move towards the shin when you walk on your heels

Question 22

Plantarflexion of the ankle joint

Answer 22

Makes your foot move away from the shin as when you walk on your tiptoes.

Question 23

Rotator cuff

Answer 23

The supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor and subscapularis muscles make up the rotator cuff. They stabilise the shoulder joint to prevent larger muscles from displacing the head of the humerus during physical activity

Question 24

Isotonic contraction

Answer 24

Tension is produced in the muscle while there is a change in muscle length, dynamic contraction because the joint will move.

Question 25

Isometric contraction

Answer 25

Tension is produced in the muscle but there is no change in muscle length, static contraction because the joint wont move.

Question 26

Concentric contraction

Answer 26

A type of isotonic contraction that involves the muscle shortening while producing tension.

Question 27

Eccentric contraction

Answer 27

A type of isotonic contraction that involves the muscle lengthening while producing tension.

Question 28

Agonist muscle

Answer 28

Muscle that is directly responsible for the movement in a joint.

Question 29

Antagonist muscle

Answer 29

Muscle that has an action opposite to that of the agonist and helps the production of a coordinated movement.