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Block 3: MSK > A+P: Lecture 2 > Flashcards

A+P: Lecture 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Shoulder/glenohumeral joint Type

A

Ball-and-socket joint

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2
Q

Describe the shoulder/glenohumeral joint

A
  • Large, hemispherical head of humerus fits in small, shallow glenoid cavity of scapula
  • Articular cartilage & capsule contain synovial fluid for lubrication
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3
Q

What is the most freely moving joint in the body? what is the catch?

A

The shoulder, but it is the most unstable joint

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4
Q

What is the glenoid labrum & function?

A
  • fibrocartilaginous rim around glenoid cavity
  • Helps to add depth to shallow cavity
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5
Q

What are the reinforcing ligaments of the shoulder?

A
  • Coracohumeral ligament
  • 3 capsular glenohumeral ligaments
    –> superior, middle, inferior
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6
Q

What is the function of these capsular glenohumeral ligaments?

A

main stabilizing aspect on the anterior aspect of the shoulder

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7
Q

What contributes most to joint stability of the shoulder?

A

Reinforcing muscle tendons

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8
Q

What is considered the “superstablizer” of the shoulder & function?

A
  • Tendon of long head of biceps brachii
  • Secures humerus to glenoid cavity
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9
Q

Muscles of the rotator cuff

A
  • supraspinatus
  • infraspinatus
  • subscapularis
  • teres minor
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10
Q

What makes up the elbow joint?

A

Humerus articulates w/ radius & ulna

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11
Q

What does the annular ligament do?

A

surrounds head of radius

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12
Q

What are the two capsular ligaments of the elbow & their function?

A
  • Medial ulnar collateral ligament (MUCL): mostly connects the humerus to the ulna
  • Lateral collateral ligament (LCL): contains the radial LCL, ulnar LCL, & annular ligament
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13
Q

Which bone articulates with the humerus distally?

A

The ulna

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14
Q

Describe the annular ligament?

A

a band that goes from ulnar to ulnar; surrounds radial head but attaches to the ulnar; keeps radius attached to the ulnar. Stabilizes

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15
Q

Prime mover for shoulder flexion

A

Deltoid - anterior fibers

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16
Q

Prime mover for shoulder extension

A

Latissimus dorsi & deltoid - posterior fibers

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17
Q

Prime mover for shoulder abduction

A

Deltoid

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18
Q

Prime mover for shoulder adduction

A

pectoralis major & latissimus dorsi

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19
Q

Prime mover for shoulder medial rotation

A

subscapularis

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20
Q

Prime mover for shoulder lateral rotation

A

Infraspinatus & teres minor

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21
Q

Prime mover for forearm elbow flexion

A
  • biceps brachii
  • brachialis
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22
Q

Prime mover for forearm elbow extension

A

triceps brachii

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23
Q

Prime mover for forearm pronation

A

pronator quadratus

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24
Q

Primer mover for wrist flexion

A
  • flexor carpi radialis
  • flexor carpi ulnaris
  • flexor digitorum superficialis
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25
Q

Primer mover for finger extension/abduction

A

extensor digitorum

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26
Q

What type of joint is the hip joint?

A

ball-and-socket

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27
Q

What does the femur articulate with?

A

the acetabulum

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28
Q

Describe the ROM for the hip joint

A

Good ROM, but limited by the deep socket

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29
Q

Describe acetabular labrum

A

rim of fibrocartilage that enhances depth of socket

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30
Q

Are hip dislocations common or rare?

A

rare

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31
Q

Ligament of head of femur

A
  • one of the deepest ligaments in the hip joint
  • Slack during most hip movements, so not important in stabilizing
  • Does contain artery that supplies head of femur in babies
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32
Q

Why is the ligament of head of femur so important in babies?

A

it contains some arteries that supply the head of the femur

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33
Q

Other 3 reinforcing ligaments of the hip

A
  • Iliofemoral ligament (Y-shaped) limits overextension
  • Pubofemoral ligament limits abduction & overextension at hip
  • Ischiofemoral ligament (posterior runs anteriorly) & limits overextension
34
Q

General description of the knee joint

A

Consists of 3 joints surrounded by single cavity w/ ~12 bursae

35
Q

3 joints of the knee

A
  • Femoropatellar joint
  • Lateral joint & Medial joint
    –> collectively called the tibiofemoral joint
36
Q

Describe the Femoropatellar joint

A
  • Plane joint
  • Allows gliding motion during knee flexion
37
Q

Describe the tibiofemoral joint

A
  • Joint b/t femoral condyles & lateral
    & medial menisci of tibia
  • Hinge joint that allows flexion, extension & some rotation when knee partly flexed
38
Q

Function of menisci

A

provide cushion & shock absorption

39
Q

Describe/Function of the ACL

A
  • Attaches to anterior tibia
  • Prevents forward sliding of tibia & stops hyperextension of knee
  • Deepest ligament
40
Q

Which test is used to assess the ACL?

A

Anterior Draw Test: see if the tibia will move anteriorly

41
Q

Describe/Function of the ACL

A
  • Attaches to posterior tibia
  • Prevents backward sliding of tibia & forward sliding of femur
42
Q

Function of LCL & MCL

A

prevent rotation when knee is extended

43
Q

Prime mover for hip flexion

A

Iliopsoas

44
Q

Prime mover for hip extension

A

gluteus maximus & biceps femoris

45
Q

Prime mover for hip abduction

A

gluteus medius

46
Q

Prime mover for knee flexion

A
  • biceps femoris
  • semitendinosus
  • semimembranosus
47
Q

Prime mover for knee extension

A

rectus femoris & vastus muscles

48
Q

Prime mover for ankle plantar flexion

A

Gastrocnemius & Soleus

49
Q

Prime mover for dorsiflexion

A

Tibialis anterior

50
Q

Prime mover for ankle inversion

A

tibialis posterior

51
Q

Prime mover for toe flexion

A

flexor digitorum longus

52
Q

Prime mover for toe flexion (big toe)

A

Flexor hallicus longus

53
Q

Prime mover for toe extension

A

extensor digitorum longus

54
Q

Prime mover for toe extension (big toe)

A

extensor hallicus longus

55
Q

What happens to our ligaments & tendons as we age?

A

shorten & weaken

56
Q

Most people at what age have some degree of OA?

A

70s

57
Q

What is key to postponing joint problems?

A

full ROM exercise

58
Q

The brachial plexus & upper limb is formed by

A

Formed by C5–C8 & T1

59
Q

Four major branches of this plexus from proximal to distal

A
  • Roots
  • Trunks
  • Divisions
  • Cords
60
Q

The brachial plexus supplies most of the…

A

motor & sensory innervation of the upper extremity

61
Q

Describe the Roots (anterior rami) & terminal nerves. (DRAW)

A
  • Axillary C5, C6,
  • Musculocutaneous C5,C6
  • Median C5,C6, C8, T1
  • RadialC7
  • Ulnar C8, T1
62
Q

Axillary gives its proximity to the___ & is susceptible to damage w/___.

A
  • surgical neck of the shoulder
  • fractures of the humerus
63
Q

Axillary
Motor:
Sensory:

A

-Motor: deltoid & teres minor muscles

  • Sensory: skin of shoulder
64
Q

Musculocutaneous
Motor:
Sensory:

A
  • Motor: muscles of anterior arm (think flexion)
  • Sensory: terminates as lateral cutaneous n. of forearm
65
Q

Median nerve doesn’t ____. It goes through the ___.

A
  • innervate anything in the arm
  • carpal tunnel
66
Q

Median
Motor:
Sensory:

A

-Motor: muscles of the hand (flexion of the anterior hand)

  • Sensory: some skin of hand
67
Q

Ulnar
Motor:
Sensory:

A
  • Motor: 1½ muscles in anterior forearm, most intrinsic muscles of hand
  • Sensory: some skin of hand
68
Q

Damage to this nerve can cause “wrist drop”

A

radial nerve

69
Q

Radial
Motor:
Sensory:

A
  • Motor: all muscles of posterior arm & forearm
  • Sensory: skin of posterior arm,
    forearm & hand
70
Q

What does the lumbar plexus innervate?

A

anterior thigh (hip & knee flexors) & medial thigh (adductors)

71
Q

What does the femoral nerve innervate?

A

the quadriceps & skin of anterior thigh & medial surface of leg

(goes right under inguinal ligament)

72
Q

What does the obturator nerve pass through?

A

the obturator foramen to innervate adductor muscles of medial thigh

(runs through obturator foramen & inguinal ligament)

73
Q

Pathway of sacral plexus?

A

greater sciatic foramen inf–> piriformis muscle–> post compartment of the thigh–> popliteal fossa–> splits into nerves which are found in the posterior thigh

74
Q

The sacral plexus serves

A

the gluteal muscles & posterior thigh muscles (i.e. hamstrings)

75
Q

Sciatic nerve function

A

Innervates hamstring muscles, adductor magnus & most muscles in leg & foot

76
Q

The sciatic nerve is composed of what 2 nerves?

A

tibial & common fibular

77
Q

Cervical
Ventral Rami:
Major Nerves:

A

C1- C4
- Phrenic

78
Q

Brachial
Ventral Rami:
Major Nerves:

A

C5-T1
- Axillary, musculocutaneous, median, radial, ulnar

79
Q

Lumbar
Ventral Rami:
Major Nerves:

A

L1-L4
- femoral, obturator

80
Q

Sacral
Ventral Rami:
Major Nerves:

A

L4-L5
- Sciatic

81
Q

The thigh has how many compartments?

A

3
- anterior, posterior, medial

82
Q

The lower leg has how many compartment?

A

4
- ant, lateral, posterior deep, posterior superficial

Block 3: MSK (10 decks)

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