A&P Final Flashcards
Function of a Capillary
carry O2 to every cell in body
Function of a Artery
pull blood away from heart
Function of WBC(Leukocyte)
immunity
Dietary Constituents of Plasma
- H2O
- CHO
- Lipids
- Dietray Proteins
- Vitamins
- Electrolytes
- Trace Minerals
- NaHCO3
Water Components
- Vascular
- Interstitual
- Intracellular
6 Proteins and their Functions
- Channels——h20/electrolyes in/out the cell
- Transport protein—-active pump in cell
- Receptoors—hormone attachment
- Cytoskeletal anchors—-shape
- ID Marker—self
- Enzymes—speed chemical reaction
Normal Ph
7.4 +/- .2
Mitochondria Energy Equation
glucose+02+mito/enzyme–ATP +Heat+CO2+H2O
Function of Bone
- Framework for skeletal muscle attachment
- Protection
- hematopoises —-red bone marrow
- yellow bone –fuel
- store Ca++ and Phosphate
Body constituents of Plasma
- Hormone
- enzyme
- metabloc waste product
- hepatic protein
Products produced by fibroblasts
- ground substance
- collagen
- yellow elastic fibers
- reticular fibers
Stages of Fracture for Long Bone Healing
- Fracture hematoma
- Catillage callus
- Ossues callus
- Bone remodeling
None Union (etiologies) Fracture
- decrese blood supply
- excessive movement
- bateria
- decrease in Ca++
- diabetes mellitus
Hip Dysplasia Symptoms
- bunny hop gait
- wont go up stairs
- crepitus
- slow to get up from bed
- jumping into car
Connective Tissue Subtypes
- bone
- cartilage—–ear/nose
- dense fibrous c.t——ligaments
- Reticular c.t—-glands
- yellow elastic c.t—–skin/lungs
Epithelial Subtypes
- simple colimnar—-all blood vessels
- pseudostratified columnar—mucoucillary transport system
- glandular—end/exocrine glands
- simple columnar—GI tract
- transitional—urinary system
- stratified squamous—–skin
Functions of Skin
- protection
- blood resivoir
- thermal regulation
- sensation
- moisture retention
- produce nails, hooves, claws, hair
- immune survailance
- vitamin d synthesis
Stages of Wound Healing
- hemmatoma
- inflammation
- granulation bed
- epithelial migration
- remodeling
Stages of Delayed Wound Healing
- decrese blood supply
- diabetes mellitus
- decrease protein
- excessive motion
- infection
Etiologies of Inflammation
- trauma
- forien proteins
- ischemia
- neoplasia
- burns
- auto immune disease
- allergies/bug bites
Function of Muscle
- locomotion
- thermogenisis
- postural support
- movement of blood , urine, food, birthing
Muscle Types
- skeletal—–coluntary, striated
- smooth—–invol. non striated
- cardiac—-invol. striated
Steps for Muscle Contraction
- motor neurone–action potention
- synaptical vessicle–ACH
- ACH sarcocemma duck
- sarcoemma—depolorize energy
- mitochondria–ATP
- sarcoplasmic—CA++
- actin myosin contract
Nervous tissue Require
- constant O2
- constant glucose
- no pressure
oligodendroglial
insulating myolin shealth
astrocyts
produce blood brain barrier
microglial
phagocytosis reuptured neuron
synapse
relay bwtween one neuron to another
gray matter
nerve cell body
white matter
axons
nerve
collection of axons
hypoxia
decresse in O2
hypoglycemia
decrease in glucose
myositis
inflammation of the muscle
ribosome
protein factors
cell membrane
regulate what goes in and out of cell
erythrocte(RBC)
transport O2
red bone marrow
prodution of RBC, WBC, and platlets
capillary
smallest blood vessel
platlet
blood clotting
mitochondria
produce energy
endocrin gland
have no ducts, secrete hormones into the blood stream
exocrine gland
secrete into hollow organs, have ducts
antibody
immune protein
lysome
suicide bag
albumen
protein holds h2o in blood stream
hormone
biological endocrin messenger
enzyme
protein catalyst
pH
(H+)
anemia
decrease # of RBC
leukopenia
decrease in WBC
micron
1/1000mm
phagocytosis
engulfing bacteria
foreign protein
protein withoutsme ID marker of cell
gi absorption
food/nutrients directed in blod stream
serum
fraction of blood has clotted
plasma
h20 portion of blood can still clot
hepatic
liver
buffer
nutralizes acid
H2CO3
carbonic acid
hyperkalemia
increse in potassium levels
NaHCO3
body primary buffer
electrolytes
charged ion
antibiotic
destroys bacteria( mane made drug)
CO2
carbon dioxide
diffusion
moving gas or solute from high to love concentration
secretion
product of any gland
ossification
bone productuion
osteiod
collagen
open reduction
needs sx
deossification
loss of bone denisty
comminuted fracture
shattered fracture completly
steinman pin
used in sx to help keep a bone , etc in place
avulsion fracture
tendon or ligament tears off
cancellous bone graft
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pathologic fracture
caused by disease
cranial drawer sign
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wolfs law
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osteomyelitis
bone effected by bacteria
osteoarthritis
inflammation of a joint
crepitus
grinding noise can be heard from joint rubbing
joint mouse
piece of cartilage breaks off a joint
closed reduction
doesnt need sx
luxation
dislocation of a joint
DJD
degenerative joint disease
intermittent lameness
when animal holds foot up not wanting to put pressure on it
ligament
c.t tissue holding bone to bone
subluxation
abnormal movemtn of a joint
osteophyte
bone spur
hip dysplasia
genetic shallow acetubelum
TPO
tripple pelvic osteotomy
OFA
orthopedic foundation for animals
endochondral ossification
long bone have go through cartilage stage
periostium
blood suppy to bone
osteblast
production of bone and collage
havasian canal
convay blood supply and sensory nerves supply
osteoclasts
destry bone
articular cartilage
smooth joint function
ligament
con. tissue connects bone to bone
tendon
connects muscle to bone
cranial cruciate ligament
prevents sliding of stiffle joint
joint capsule
synocial fluid filled cavity
calcitonin
stimulates osteoblasts
fascia
dense fibr. con. tiss. to connect and protect muscle
osteochondrosis
cartilage detaches
PTH(parathormone)
stiumulate osteoclasts
aspirant cytology
removing of cell from mass
metastasis
cancer spreading all over body
diapedesis
WBC move through cappillary wall
skin scraping
taking cell from skin for tesing of mass/tumor
cyst
exocrine glands ducts have obstructed
abscess
localized collection of pus
neoplasia
cancer, or new growth
mange
skin disease caused by mites
integument
skin
lymph
filtering stations
neovascularizaion
new growth of capillary
proud flush
over production of granulation in horses
dehisence
reopening of wound
seroma
collection of serum
cytokine
chemical produce dilation
margination
malignant tissue arising from glands
vasodilatition
blood vesel dialates
dirty margins
have cancer cells
excisional biopsy
removing full tumor or mass from body
Function of goblet cell
produce mucous
Function of mast cell
histamine
Function of Dendritic cell
engul foreign protein
Function of basal cell
dividing to produce new squamous cell
function of dermis
protect outter layer of skin
Function of sebaceous gland
produce sebum
Function of subcutabeous sensory nerve
above skin snensory nerve neron
Function of peritoneum
prevents friction
Cardinal Signs of Inflammation
- increase temp
- errythema(red)
- edema(sweeling)
- pain
milk fever
low CA++ in blood stream
aerobix
w/ O2
anerobic
w/o O2
atrophy
decrease in cell size
lactic acid
blocks recepters of muscle
hypertrophy
muscle enlargment
neurons
produce relectricity
myosis
over use of muscle
monday morning disease
muscle fibers rupture
collagen
scars
branchodilation
muscle relxation
branchoconstriction
muscle tightens