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A&P I > A&P Final > Flashcards

A&P Final Flashcards

1
Q

Function of a Capillary

A

carry O2 to every cell in body

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2
Q

Function of a Artery

A

pull blood away from heart

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3
Q

Function of WBC(Leukocyte)

A

immunity

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4
Q

Dietary Constituents of Plasma

A
  1. H2O
  2. CHO
  3. Lipids
  4. Dietray Proteins
  5. Vitamins
  6. Electrolytes
  7. Trace Minerals
  8. NaHCO3
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5
Q

Water Components

A
  1. Vascular
  2. Interstitual
  3. Intracellular
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6
Q

6 Proteins and their Functions

A
  1. Channels——h20/electrolyes in/out the cell
  2. Transport protein—-active pump in cell
  3. Receptoors—hormone attachment
  4. Cytoskeletal anchors—-shape
  5. ID Marker—self
  6. Enzymes—speed chemical reaction
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7
Q

Normal Ph

A

7.4 +/- .2

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8
Q

Mitochondria Energy Equation

A

glucose+02+mito/enzyme–ATP +Heat+CO2+H2O

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9
Q

Function of Bone

A
  1. Framework for skeletal muscle attachment
  2. Protection
  3. hematopoises —-red bone marrow
  4. yellow bone –fuel
  5. store Ca++ and Phosphate
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10
Q

Body constituents of Plasma

A
  1. Hormone
  2. enzyme
  3. metabloc waste product
  4. hepatic protein
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11
Q

Products produced by fibroblasts

A
  1. ground substance
  2. collagen
  3. yellow elastic fibers
  4. reticular fibers
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12
Q

Stages of Fracture for Long Bone Healing

A
  1. Fracture hematoma
  2. Catillage callus
  3. Ossues callus
  4. Bone remodeling
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13
Q

None Union (etiologies) Fracture

A
  1. decrese blood supply
  2. excessive movement
  3. bateria
  4. decrease in Ca++
  5. diabetes mellitus
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14
Q

Hip Dysplasia Symptoms

A
  1. bunny hop gait
  2. wont go up stairs
  3. crepitus
  4. slow to get up from bed
  5. jumping into car
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15
Q

Connective Tissue Subtypes

A
  1. bone
  2. cartilage—–ear/nose
  3. dense fibrous c.t——ligaments
  4. Reticular c.t—-glands
  5. yellow elastic c.t—–skin/lungs
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16
Q

Epithelial Subtypes

A
  1. simple colimnar—-all blood vessels
  2. pseudostratified columnar—mucoucillary transport system
  3. glandular—end/exocrine glands
  4. simple columnar—GI tract
  5. transitional—urinary system
  6. stratified squamous—–skin
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17
Q

Functions of Skin

A
  1. protection
  2. blood resivoir
  3. thermal regulation
  4. sensation
  5. moisture retention
  6. produce nails, hooves, claws, hair
  7. immune survailance
  8. vitamin d synthesis
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18
Q

Stages of Wound Healing

A
  1. hemmatoma
  2. inflammation
  3. granulation bed
  4. epithelial migration
  5. remodeling
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19
Q

Stages of Delayed Wound Healing

A
  1. decrese blood supply
  2. diabetes mellitus
  3. decrease protein
  4. excessive motion
  5. infection
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20
Q

Etiologies of Inflammation

A
  1. trauma
  2. forien proteins
  3. ischemia
  4. neoplasia
  5. burns
  6. auto immune disease
  7. allergies/bug bites
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21
Q

Function of Muscle

A
  1. locomotion
  2. thermogenisis
  3. postural support
  4. movement of blood , urine, food, birthing
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22
Q

Muscle Types

A
  1. skeletal—–coluntary, striated
  2. smooth—–invol. non striated
  3. cardiac—-invol. striated
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23
Q

Steps for Muscle Contraction

A
  1. motor neurone–action potention
  2. synaptical vessicle–ACH
  3. ACH sarcocemma duck
  4. sarcoemma—depolorize energy
  5. mitochondria–ATP
  6. sarcoplasmic—CA++
  7. actin myosin contract
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24
Q

Nervous tissue Require

A
  1. constant O2
  2. constant glucose
  3. no pressure
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25
Q

oligodendroglial

A

insulating myolin shealth

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26
Q

astrocyts

A

produce blood brain barrier

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27
Q

microglial

A

phagocytosis reuptured neuron

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28
Q

synapse

A

relay bwtween one neuron to another

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29
Q

gray matter

A

nerve cell body

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30
Q

white matter

A

axons

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31
Q

nerve

A

collection of axons

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32
Q

hypoxia

A

decresse in O2

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33
Q

hypoglycemia

A

decrease in glucose

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34
Q

myositis

A

inflammation of the muscle

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35
Q

ribosome

A

protein factors

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36
Q

cell membrane

A

regulate what goes in and out of cell

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37
Q

erythrocte(RBC)

A

transport O2

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38
Q

red bone marrow

A

prodution of RBC, WBC, and platlets

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39
Q

capillary

A

smallest blood vessel

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40
Q

platlet

A

blood clotting

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41
Q

mitochondria

A

produce energy

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42
Q

endocrin gland

A

have no ducts, secrete hormones into the blood stream

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43
Q

exocrine gland

A

secrete into hollow organs, have ducts

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44
Q

antibody

A

immune protein

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45
Q

lysome

A

suicide bag

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46
Q

albumen

A

protein holds h2o in blood stream

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47
Q

hormone

A

biological endocrin messenger

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48
Q

enzyme

A

protein catalyst

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49
Q

pH

A

(H+)

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50
Q

anemia

A

decrease # of RBC

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51
Q

leukopenia

A

decrease in WBC

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52
Q

micron

A

1/1000mm

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53
Q

phagocytosis

A

engulfing bacteria

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54
Q

foreign protein

A

protein withoutsme ID marker of cell

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55
Q

gi absorption

A

food/nutrients directed in blod stream

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56
Q

serum

A

fraction of blood has clotted

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57
Q

plasma

A

h20 portion of blood can still clot

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58
Q

hepatic

A

liver

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59
Q

buffer

A

nutralizes acid

60
Q

H2CO3

A

carbonic acid

61
Q

hyperkalemia

A

increse in potassium levels

62
Q

NaHCO3

A

body primary buffer

63
Q

electrolytes

A

charged ion

64
Q

antibiotic

A

destroys bacteria( mane made drug)

65
Q

CO2

A

carbon dioxide

66
Q

diffusion

A

moving gas or solute from high to love concentration

67
Q

secretion

A

product of any gland

68
Q

ossification

A

bone productuion

69
Q

osteiod

A

collagen

70
Q

open reduction

A

needs sx

71
Q

deossification

A

loss of bone denisty

72
Q

comminuted fracture

A

shattered fracture completly

73
Q

steinman pin

A

used in sx to help keep a bone , etc in place

74
Q

avulsion fracture

A

tendon or ligament tears off

75
Q

cancellous bone graft

A

????

76
Q

pathologic fracture

A

caused by disease

77
Q

cranial drawer sign

A

?????

78
Q

wolfs law

A

????

79
Q

osteomyelitis

A

bone effected by bacteria

80
Q

osteoarthritis

A

inflammation of a joint

81
Q

crepitus

A

grinding noise can be heard from joint rubbing

82
Q

joint mouse

A

piece of cartilage breaks off a joint

83
Q

closed reduction

A

doesnt need sx

84
Q

luxation

A

dislocation of a joint

85
Q

DJD

A

degenerative joint disease

86
Q

intermittent lameness

A

when animal holds foot up not wanting to put pressure on it

87
Q

ligament

A

c.t tissue holding bone to bone

88
Q

subluxation

A

abnormal movemtn of a joint

89
Q

osteophyte

A

bone spur

90
Q

hip dysplasia

A

genetic shallow acetubelum

91
Q

TPO

A

tripple pelvic osteotomy

92
Q

OFA

A

orthopedic foundation for animals

93
Q

endochondral ossification

A

long bone have go through cartilage stage

94
Q

periostium

A

blood suppy to bone

95
Q

osteblast

A

production of bone and collage

96
Q

havasian canal

A

convay blood supply and sensory nerves supply

97
Q

osteoclasts

A

destry bone

98
Q

articular cartilage

A

smooth joint function

99
Q

ligament

A

con. tissue connects bone to bone

100
Q

tendon

A

connects muscle to bone

101
Q

cranial cruciate ligament

A

prevents sliding of stiffle joint

102
Q

joint capsule

A

synocial fluid filled cavity

103
Q

calcitonin

A

stimulates osteoblasts

104
Q

fascia

A

dense fibr. con. tiss. to connect and protect muscle

105
Q

osteochondrosis

A

cartilage detaches

106
Q

PTH(parathormone)

A

stiumulate osteoclasts

107
Q

aspirant cytology

A

removing of cell from mass

108
Q

metastasis

A

cancer spreading all over body

109
Q

diapedesis

A

WBC move through cappillary wall

110
Q

skin scraping

A

taking cell from skin for tesing of mass/tumor

111
Q

cyst

A

exocrine glands ducts have obstructed

112
Q

abscess

A

localized collection of pus

113
Q

neoplasia

A

cancer, or new growth

114
Q

mange

A

skin disease caused by mites

115
Q

integument

A

skin

116
Q

lymph

A

filtering stations

117
Q

neovascularizaion

A

new growth of capillary

118
Q

proud flush

A

over production of granulation in horses

119
Q

dehisence

A

reopening of wound

120
Q

seroma

A

collection of serum

121
Q

cytokine

A

chemical produce dilation

122
Q

margination

A

malignant tissue arising from glands

123
Q

vasodilatition

A

blood vesel dialates

124
Q

dirty margins

A

have cancer cells

125
Q

excisional biopsy

A

removing full tumor or mass from body

126
Q

Function of goblet cell

A

produce mucous

127
Q

Function of mast cell

A

histamine

128
Q

Function of Dendritic cell

A

engul foreign protein

129
Q

Function of basal cell

A

dividing to produce new squamous cell

130
Q

function of dermis

A

protect outter layer of skin

131
Q

Function of sebaceous gland

A

produce sebum

132
Q

Function of subcutabeous sensory nerve

A

above skin snensory nerve neron

133
Q

Function of peritoneum

A

prevents friction

134
Q

Cardinal Signs of Inflammation

A
  1. increase temp
  2. errythema(red)
  3. edema(sweeling)
  4. pain
135
Q

milk fever

A

low CA++ in blood stream

136
Q

aerobix

A

w/ O2

137
Q

anerobic

A

w/o O2

138
Q

atrophy

A

decrease in cell size

139
Q

lactic acid

A

blocks recepters of muscle

140
Q

hypertrophy

A

muscle enlargment

141
Q

neurons

A

produce relectricity

142
Q

myosis

A

over use of muscle

143
Q

monday morning disease

A

muscle fibers rupture

144
Q

collagen

A

scars

145
Q

branchodilation

A

muscle relxation

146
Q

branchoconstriction

A

muscle tightens

A&P I (3 decks)

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