A&P Exam 1 Flashcards
Anatomy refers to
internal and external structures of the body and their physical relationships
Physiology refers to
study of the functions of those structures
maintenance of relatively stable internal conditions
homeostasis
a disruptions in homeostasis results in disease
homeostatic imbalance
homeostasis is the dynamic state of _____.
equilibrium
Two main controlling systems
nervous and endocrine
Sweating is an example of homeostasis as it helps
regulate our body temperature. When our core temperature rises, we start to sweat. The evaporation of this sweat cools the body down, thereby lowering the elevated temperature.
Shivering is an example of homeostasis as it helps
induces contraction in our muscles that produce shivering. Shivering generates body heat and increases our body temperature. This increase in body temperature restores homeostasis.
Negative feedback
shuts off the original stimulus or reduces its intensity
examples of negative feedback
- household thermostat
- sweating and shivering
Positive feedback
Increases the original stimulus to push the variable further
examples of positive feedback
- childbirth
- blood clotting
superior
toward the head; above
inferior
away from the head; below
anterior/ ventral
toward the front of the body
posterior/ dorsal
toward the back of the body
medial
toward the midline
lateral
away from the midline
intermediate
between a more medial and more lateral structure
example: eyes
proximal
closer to the point of attachment
distal
farther from the point of attachment
superficial
toward the body’s surface
deep
away from the body’s surface
midsagittal/median plane
body split between the eyes