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A&P(Chap. 1) Flashcards

1
Q

What is Histology?

A

Study of microscopic structure of tissue

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2
Q

What is a biomolecule?

A

A molecule present in living organisms

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3
Q

What are the four classes of biomolecules?

A

Protein
Lipid
Nucleic acid
Carbohydrate

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4
Q

What does structure determine?

A

Function

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5
Q

What does function modify?

A

Structure

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6
Q

What does the mitochondria produce?

A

ATP

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7
Q

What are the first five levels of organization?

A

Cell
Tissue
Organ
Organ System
Organism

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8
Q

What are the characteristics of living organisms?

A

Energy is produced and consumed
Adaptability
Reproduction
Growth and repair (ability to heal)

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9
Q

What is the smallest functional unit of life?

A

A cell

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10
Q

What three things do all cells consist of?

A

All cells are composed of a:
Membrane
Genetic Material
Cytosolic (fluid portion of cytoplasm)

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11
Q

What are the four major categories of tissue?

A

Epithelial
Muscle
Nervous
Connective

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12
Q

What is the function of epithelial tissue?

A

Form a protective barrier (ex. skin)

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13
Q

What is the function of connective tissue?

A

Supports, protects, and gives structure to other tissues in the body

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14
Q

What is the function of nervous tissue?

A

Sense stimuli and send signals back to brain

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15
Q

What is the function of muscle tissue?

A

Allow movement of body parts

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16
Q

What are the 11 major organ systems in the human body?

A

Musculoskeletal
Circulatory (cardiovascular)
Digestive
Reproductive
Nervous
Integumentary
Endocrine
Immune/Lymphatic
Respiratory
Urinary
Skeletal

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17
Q

What is homeostasis?

A

Balance among body system so organelle can survive

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18
Q

What is the homeostatic set point?

A

The threshold required for the body to maintain homeostasis?

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19
Q

What is the hypothalamus?

A

The part of the brain that monitors homeostasis

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20
Q

What is a feedback control loop?

A

Refers to a system output relaying feedback so input can be adjusted.

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21
Q

What is positive feedback?

A

A feedback loop that AMPLIFIES change

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22
Q

What is a negative feedback loop?

A

A feedback loop that REGULATES change

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23
Q

What is plasma?

A

Fluid part of blood where cells are suspended

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24
Q

What is Intracellular fluid (ICF)?

A

Fluid within cell

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25
Q

Extracellular fluid (ECF)?

A

Fluid outside of cells

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26
Q

What percentage of total body fluid is ICF?

A

60%

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27
Q

What percentage of total body fluid is ECF?

28
Q

What are the two types of ECF?

A

Interstitial fluid and blood plasma

29
Q

What does WNL mean?

A

Within normal limits (referring to set point)

30
Q

What does homeostasis require?

A

To stay within normal range

31
Q

What is capillary filtration?

A

Fluid movement in and out of a capillary as a result of hydrostatic and osmotic pressure

32
Q

What is a capillary?

A

A blood vessel
- Connects arteries to veins (Smallest blood vessel)

33
Q

What does the axial skeleton consist of?

A

The head, neck, chest, and back

34
Q

What does the appendicular skeleton consist of?

A

Bones that attach to the axial skeleton

35
Q

What organ systems deal with environmental changes?

A

Nervous and endocrine

36
Q

What the base unit of a molecule?

37
Q

What is the monomer for nucleic acid?

A

Nucleotides

38
Q

What is the monomer for proteins?

A

Amino acids

39
Q

What is the monomer for carbohydrates?

A

Monosaccharides

40
Q

What is the monomer for lipids?

A

Acylglycerols, phospholipids, steroids, and waxes

41
Q

What do phospholipids do?

A

Make up the cell membrane

42
Q

What do acylglycerols do?

A

Store energy

43
Q

What do waxes do?

A

Form protective barriers

44
Q

What do steroids do?

A

Derived from cholesterol (cholesterol helps support the phospholipid bilayer)

45
Q

What do carbohydrates provide for the cell?

46
Q

What does hydrophilic mean?

A

Attracted to water (head of a phospholipid)

47
Q

What does hydrophobic mean?

A

Repels water (Fatty acid tail of a phospholipid)

48
Q

What is the monomer for protein?

A

Amino acids

49
Q

What is the monomer for carbohydrates?

A

Monosaccharide

50
Q

What is the monomer for nucleic acids?

A

Nucleotide

51
Q

What is the function of a lipid?

A
  • Long term energy molecule
  • Helps structure the phospholipid bilayer
  • Helps with extracellular facilitation of cell to cell interactions
52
Q

What is the function of nucleic acids?

A

Make up DNA and RNA

53
Q

What is the function of carbohydrates?

A
  • Short and long term energy storage
  • Attach to protein for cell recognition
54
Q

What is the function of Protein?

A

Involved in almost all aspects of cellular function

55
Q

What is the order of mitosis?

A
  • Interphase
  • Prophase
  • Metaphase
  • Anaphase
  • Telophase
56
Q

What is involved in interphase?

A

G1, S Phase(synthesis), G2

57
Q

What happens during S phase?

A

Cell makes complete copy of its DNA

58
Q

What happens during G2 phase?

A

Cell grows larger and prepares for mitosis

59
Q

What happens during G1 phase?

A

Cell grows larger and makes building blocks it will need in later steps

60
Q

What are some types of permeable solutes?

A

Oxygen, steroids, carbon dioxide

61
Q

What are some types of impermeable solutes?

A

Carbohydrates, proteins, and charged ions

62
Q

What is the direction of osmosis?

A

Low to high solute concentration (movement of water)

63
Q

What is the direction of diffusion?

A

High to low concentration (movement of molecules)

64
Q

What is facilitated diffusion?

A

Movement of molecules from high to low concentration, but they have to pass through a channel or carrier protein

65
Q

What is osmolarity?

A

Measure of solutes that are both permeable and impermeable in solution

A&P(1) (17 decks)

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