A&P Ch 7 Flashcards

bone tissue

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1
Q

functions of the skeleton

A

support, protection, movement, electrolyte balance, acid-base balance, blood formation

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2
Q

bones

A

bone tissue=osseous tissue=calcified CT. bones are made up of many tissues. osseous, nervous, fibrous ct and blood

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3
Q

shapes of bones

A

long, short, flat, irregular

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4
Q

long bone

A

femur, ulna, radius

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5
Q

short bone

A

carpals, tarsals

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6
Q

flat bone

A

scapula, sternum

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7
Q

irregular bone

A

vertebrae

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8
Q

features of bones

A

compact, spongy, articular, diaphysis, epiphysis, marrow cavity, periosteum, endosteum, epiphyseal plate, epiphyseal line

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9
Q

compact bone features

A

outer layers of all bones, diaphysis of long bones

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10
Q

spongy bone features

A

heads of long bones, middle of all others(diploe)

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11
Q

articular features

A

covers joint surfaces, hyaline cartilage

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12
Q

diaphysis features

A

shaft of a long bone

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13
Q

epiphyses features

A

end of a long bone

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14
Q

marrow cavity features

A

also called the medullary cavity. contains bone marrow

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15
Q

periosteum features

A

has outer fibrous layer composed of collagen fibres. fibres may be continuous and bind to other bones via ligaments and muscles via tendons. has inner osteogenic layer composed of osteogenic cells and osteoblasts

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16
Q

endosteum features

A

lines the medullary cavity. contains osteogenic cells and osteoblasts

17
Q

epiphysieal plate features

A

found in growing bones. separates marrow spaces btwn epiphysis and diaphysis of long bone. children

18
Q

epiphyseal line features

A

found in adult long bones. remnant of the epiphyseal plate

19
Q

osteogenic cells

A

(stem cells) origin=fibroblasts. location=edosteum lining medullary, trabeculae, central canals. periosteum lining the outside. lining the trabeculae throughout spongy bone. function=mitosis, some stay behind, some become osteoblasts

20
Q

osteoblasts

A

(build bones). origin= osteogenic cells. function= build bone, secrete collagen, alkaline phosphatase (raises pH so crystals form)

21
Q

osteocytes

A

mature osteocytes. origin=osteoblasts. location=surrounded by bone matrix. function=stress sensors. absorb nutrients, direct bone remodelling.

22
Q

osteoclasts

A

stem cells fuse together. origin=blood cells. location= same as osteogenic cells and osteoblasts. function= reabsorption of bone. secrete acid phosphatase to break down collagen, secrete HCl to break down Ca2+ crystals

23
Q

matrix

A

organic=provides flexibility, composed of collagen. inorganic=provides strength, hydroxyapatite. makes bones stuff.

24
Q

compact bone

A

osteon is the structural unit. collagen fibres are in alternating orientations to increase strength. fibres are organized in corkscrew pattern along length of bone. highly vascularized, nutrients flow from nutrient foramina through perforating canals to central canals and then from osteocyte to osteocyte via canaliculi

25
Q

spongy bone

A

found in epiphysis of long bones and in middle of all other bones. is a lattice of trabeculae with marrow in the spaces in btwn trabeculae. trabeculae are arranged along stress lines. strong but light. osteogenic cells and osteoblasts line the trabeculae

26
Q

bone marrow

A

found in medullary cavity and epiphyses of long bones and around trabeculae of spongy bone.

27
Q

red marrow

A

hemopoietic= produces all the blood cells. found in all spongy bone of children. found in axial skeletons & pevis, heads of femur, humerus of adults

28
Q

yellow marrow

A

produces blood cells only in chronic anemia

29
Q

endochondral ossification=bone elongation

A

most bones are produced this way. embryonic tissue(mesenchyme)->hyaline cartilage model-> bone.

30
Q

metaphysis

A

the transition between cartilage and bone at each end of the bone. occurs in fetus and until a person reaches final height.

31
Q

appositional growth

A

widening of the bone, occurs at the periosteum

32
Q

wolfs law of bone

A

bone adapts to stresses applied to it. strength of bone depends on use.