A&P Cardiovascular - Blood

Question 1

Erythrocytes

Answer 1

red blood cells that transport respiratory gases in the blood

Question 2

leukocytes

Answer 2

white blood cells that defend against pathogens

Question 3

platelets

Answer 3

help to form clots to prevent blood loss

Question 4

plasma

Answer 4

fluid portion of the blood which contains plasma proteins and dissolved solutes

Question 5

what does our blood protect us against?

Answer 5

leukocytes, plasma proteins protect against pathogens

platelets and certain plasma proteins protect us against blood loss

Question 6

characteristics of erythrocytes

Answer 6

small and flexible
have bioconcave disc structure
lack nucleus and cellular organelles but is stuffed with hemoglobin

Question 7

how does the red blood cells shape improve its function?

Answer 7

• the disc shape helps the red blood cell to have a larger surface area for the diffusion of O2
• thinness allows rapid diffusion of O2 between inner and outer layer
• the flexible membrane allows it to travel though narrow capillaries and not burst

Question 8

antigen

Answer 8

substance that causes a state of sensitivity or responsiveness and reacts with antibodies or T-cells

Question 9

what determines if blood type is positive or negative?

Answer 9

presence or absence of Rh factor or surface antigen D

Question 10

characteristics of leukocytes

Answer 10

• defend against pathogens
• contain nucleus ad organelles with no hemoglobin
• motile and flexible - most exist in tissues

Question 11

Types of leukocytes

Answer 11

granulocytes
- neutrophils
- eosinophils
- basophils
agranulocytes
- lymphocytes
- monocytes

Question 12

neutrophils

Answer 12

irregular shaped multi lobed nucleus that stains pink or purple
phagocytize microorganisms

Question 13

eosiniphils

Answer 13

bi-lobed nucleus
attacks worm parasites and releases chemicals to regulate inflammation

Question 14

basophil

Answer 14

blobby - no visible nucleus
releases histamine to promote inflammation and releases heparin to prevent clot formation

Question 15

lymphocytes

Answer 15

round large nucleus
produces antibodies to regulate the immune system

Question 16

monocytes

Answer 16

bright pink round nucleus
phagocytic cell in blood that becomes macrophage in tissue

Question 17

platelets

Answer 17

no nucleus
break off from megakaryocytes in red marrow
have surface proteins to allow adhesion to other molecules
have important role in clotting

Question 18

what is the buffy coat comprised of?

Answer 18

leukocytes and platelets

Question 19

What is the plasma comprised of?

Answer 19

albumin, globulins, fibrinogen, and regulatory proteins

Question 20

albumin

Answer 20

58% of plasma proteins
- exerts osmotic force to retain fluid within blood
- contributes to bloods viscosity
- transports lipids, ions, and hormones

Question 21

globulins

Answer 21

37% of plasma proteins
- alpha globulins transport lipids and some metal ions
- beta globulins transport lipids and iron ions
- gamma globulins are antibodies that immobilize pathogens

Question 22

fibrinogen

Answer 22

4% of plasma proteins
- a part of blood coagulation

Question 23

colloid osmotic pressure

Answer 23

plasma proteins are responsible for exerting osmotic pressure and preventing the loss of fluid as the blood moves through capillaries helping to maintain blood pressure and volume

Question 24

which plasma protein is the smallest and most abundant?

Answer 24

albumins

Question 25

hematopoiesis

Answer 25

production of formed elements in the blood beginning in the embryonic period of development

Question 26

where does hematopoiesis occur?

Answer 26

in the liver around the fifth week of development but moves to red bone marrow around the fifth month

Question 27

hemocytoblasts

Answer 27

stem cells that divide into two paths for the development of formed elements - myeloid and lymphoid

Question 28

myeloid line

Answer 28

- forms erythrocytes through erythropoiesis - platelets are formed through thrombopoiesis - all leukocytes but lymphocytes and megakaryocytes formed through leukopoiesis

Question 29

lymphoid line

Answer 29

produces lymphocytes