A & P Flashcards
The first part of the CBD course lies in the right free edge of the __________.
Lesser omentum
What is the size of the common hepatic duct?
Approximately 4 mm
The second part of the CBD is situated posterior to the first part of the __________.
Duodenum
The ends of both ducts and the ampulla are surrounded by circular muscle fibers known as the __________.
Sphincter of Oddi
The GB is a …
Pear shaped sac in the anterior aspect of the RUQ, closely related to the visceral surface of the liver with fossa
The __________ of the GB projects below the inferior margin of the liver and comes into contact with the anterior __________.
Fundus
ABD wall
The __________ of the GB lies in contact with the visceral surface of the liver.
Body
The __________ of the GB becomes continuous with the __________, which turns to join the right side of the __________ to form the __________.
Neck
Cystic duct
CHD
CBD
List 2 names for the outer layer of the GB wall…
Outer serosal
Rokitanksy-Aschoff sinus
What are the 4 layers of the GB wall?
Outer serosal
Subserous
Muscular
Inner mucosal
The cystic vein drains directly into the __________.
Portal vein
What tends to collect in Hartmann’s Pouch?
Gallstones
Where do junctional folds normally appear?
Between the neck and body of the GB
Along with Phrygian’s cap and junctional folds, what are 2 other variants that can occur?
Partial septations
Complete septations or double GB
The primary functions of the extrahepatic biliary tract is the __________ from the liver to the intestine and __________ of its flow.
Transportation of bile
Regulation
Concentration of bile in the GB occurs during a state of __________.
Fasting
Stimulation produced by the influence of food causes the GB to __________, resulting in an outpouring of __________ into the __________.
Contract
Bile
Duodenum
Dilation of the extrahepatic bile ducts, which is usually __________, occurs after a cholecystectomy.
Less than 1 cm
Patients older than __________ can have ducts that are up to __________ and still be considered normal.
60
10 mm
When scanning, begin with patient __________, then roll the patient into a steep __________ or __________ to separate small stones from the GB wall or cystic duct.
Supine
Decubitus
Upright position
Indications for GB exam…
RUQ pain \+ Murphy's sign Pain radiating to shoulder (mimics a heart attack) Nausea & vomiting Loss of appetite Jaundice
What is the size of the GB?
5 cm x 10 cm
The lumen of the GB is __________.
Anechoic
The location of the GB is the RUQ, more specifically between the __________.
Right and left lobes of the liver
The CBD lies anterior and to the right of the __________ in the region of the __________.
Portal vein
Porta hepatis
Within the portal triad, the HA lies __________ and __________ to the PV.
Anterior and medial
Within the portal triad, the CBD lies __________ and __________ to the PV.
Anterior and lateral
The parenchyma cells of the liver excrete this bile pigment into the ___________.
Bile canaliculi
After food is consumed, three functions occur:
Bile enters the small bowel
GB contracts
Increase in liver secretions
Bile is made of what 3 things?
Water
Bile salts
Other organic substances
Bile has 2 major functions in the body:
Break down the fats you eat so that your body can utilize them
Acts as a very powerful antioxidant
With cholecystitis, what lab value is increased?
WBC count
What are the 2 types of serum bilirubin?
Unconjugated/indirect - pre hepatic or hepatic abnormality, elevate for hematologic disease
Conjugated/direct - post hepatic abnormality, elevate hepatocellular disease, elevate for biliary obstruction
What lab value is elevated if there is an obstruction?
Alk Phos
What lab values indicate liver problems?
AST and ALT
What is PT?
Clotting time
