A&P 1 - Lab 1 Flashcards
1
Q
Dorsal Cavity (Back)
What are the 2 cavities within the dorsal cavity?
A
- Cranial Cavity - protected by upper 1/2 of skull, contains brain
- Vertebral (spinal) Cavity - holds spinal cord, protected by “spine”
2
Q
Ventral Cavity - Contains the viscera (front)
What are the 2 cavities within the ventral cavity?
A
- Thoracic Cavity (thorax) - protected by the ribcage
2. Abdominopelvic Cavity - found below the diaphragm
3
Q
What are the 3 sections of the Thoracic Cavity?
A
- Mediastinum - (Midline region of chest) contains heart, trachea, esophagus, thymus, and associated membranes
- Pleural Cavity - (located lateral to the mediastinum) a space between the doubled, pleural membranes that surround the lungs
- Pericardial Cavity - (located within the mediastium) space between the doubled, pericardial membranes
4
Q
What are the 2 cavities within the Abdominopelvic Cavity?
A
- Abdominal Cavity - (Abdomen) has little protection, contains stomach, liver, gall bladder, pancreas, spleen, kidneys, small intestine and beginning of the large intestine, and is lined by the doubled peritoneal membranes (aka peritoneal)
- Pelvic Cavity - (Pelvis) a boney bowl holding urinary bladder, sigmoid colon, rectum, and in women the uterus and ovaries
5
Q
Superior (Cranial)
A
Towards the head
6
Q
Inferior (Caudal)
A
away from the head
7
Q
Ventral (anterior)
A
front or towards the abdomen
8
Q
Dorsal (posterior)
A
towards the back
9
Q
Medial
A
Towards the midline
10
Q
Lateral
A
away from the midline
11
Q
Intermediate
A
between 2 things
12
Q
Proximal
A
closer to the point of origin or attachment
13
Q
Distal
A
farther from the point of origin
14
Q
Superficial (external)
A
closer to the skin
15
Q
Deep
A
Internal
16
Q
Ipsilateral
A
on the same side
17
Q
Contralateral
A
opposite side
18
Q
Visceral
A
pertaining to an internal organ or the inner part of a structure
19
Q
Parietal
A
pertaining to walls of a cavity
20
Q
Afferent
A
towards a center
21
Q
Efferent
A
away from a center
22
Q
(Mid) Sagittal Plane or Median
A
divides right and left
23
Q
Frontal or Coronal
A
divides front and back
24
Q
Transverse or Horizontal or Cross Section
A
divides top and bottom
25
Axial part of the body
(Head + Neck + Trunk)
26
Cephalic Region (Head)
```
Frontal - head
Orbital - eyes
Nasal - nose
Oral - mouth
Mental - tip of chin
Buccal - cheek
Otic - ear
Occipital Region - back of head
```
27
Cervical Region
neck (mammals have 7 cervical vertibrae)
28
Thoracic Region - Chest, everything inside ribs
What 4 regions are included in the thoracic region?
1. Sternal - midline
2. Axillary - armpit
3. Pectoral
4. Mammary - breast tissue
29
Abdominal Region
ribcage to pubic region
| -- includes the umbilical region (belly button)
30
Pelvic Region
includes Inguinal Region (attaches to the torso)
31
Upper R Quadrant / Upper L Quadrant
_______________________________
Lower R Quadrant / Lower L Quadrant
R hypochondriac / epigastric / L hypochondriac
R Lumbar / Umbilical / L Lumbar
R iliac (inguinal) / hypogastric (pubic) / L iliac (inguinal)
32
Pubic Region
area of Pubes
33
Back or Dorsal Region Includes........
```
Scapular - shoulder blades
Vertebral - spine
Lumbar - 5 bones below the last rib
Sacral - in between gluteral region
Gluteal - butt
```
34
Perineal Region
in between external genitals and anal region
35
Appendicular part of the body
upper & lower extremities
36
Regions of the Upper limb
```
Acromial - tip of shoulder
Brachial - arm, usually refers to upper arm
Antecubital - back of elbow
Antebrachial - forearm
Carpal - wrist
```
37
Manus Region - whole hand
Pollex - thumb
Metacarpal - back of hand (dorsal side)
Palmer - palm
Digital - fingers or toes
38
"ante"
means before
39
Regions of the Lower Limb
```
Coxal - where femur goes into hip
Femoral - femur, upper leg
Patellar - knee cap
Popliteal - bend at back of knee
Crural - usually refers to lower leg
Sural - back area of lower leg
Fibular or Peroneal - lateral area of lower leg
```
40
Pedal Region (Foot)
```
Tarsal - ankle
Calcaneal - heel
Metatarsal - bones in top of foot
Digital - fingers or toes
Plantar - bottom of foot
Hallux - big toe
```
41
Integumentary System
| skin - largest organ, hair, nails
Overall Functions - mechanical/chemical barrier, temp regulation, vitamin D activation
42
Skeletal System
| bones, cartilage, joints
Overall Functions - support, protection, mineral storage, blood cell production, site for muscle attachment
43
Muscular System
| skeletal muscles
Overall Functions - movement
44
Nervous System
| brain, spinal cord, nerves, receptors
Overall Functions - provides ability to adjust to external and internal environmental change
45
Endocrine System
(pituitary, thyroid, parathyroid, thymus, adrenal and pineal glands, pancreas, ovaries, testes
Overall Functions - secrete hormones that direct physiological activities
46
Cardiovascular System
| heart, blood vessels, blood, spleen
Overall Functions - transportation within body, removal of red cells, blood reservoir
47
Lymphatic (Immune) System
| lymphatic vessels, lymph nodes, thymus, spleen
Overall Functions - returns tissue fluid to blood, absorption of fat, defense against germs
48
Respiratory System
| lungs, nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi
Overall Functions - the exchange of gases between blood and air
49
Digestive System
(oral cavity, salivary glands, esophagus, stomach, intestines, pancreas, liver, gall bladder
Overall Functions - ingestion, breakdown of food, absorption, elimination
50
Urinary System
| kidneys, ureters, bladder, urethra
Overall Functions - removal of waste from blood
51
Reproductive System
(testes, penis, scrotum, accessory glands, ovaries, vagina, uterus, uterine tubes, mammary glands
Overall Functions - multiplication of species
