A: Nutients

Question 1

What macronutrients are required in larger amounts?

Answer 1

C,H,O,N,P,S. CATIONS: K⁺, Mg²⁺, Ca²⁺, Fe²⁺ are added to media as salts:MgCl, CaCl₂, and FeCl₂

Question 2

Name organic and inorganic sources of carbon

Answer 2

organic: sugar and aa. Can be used as source of nrg and carbon. Inorganic source is CO₂, nrg must be obtained from light or an inorganic chemical

Question 3

Name some organic and inorganic sources of nitrogen

Answer 3

organic: aa and nuleotides. Inorganic ammonia, NH₃, nitrate, NO₃^-. A few species can fix N₂

Question 4

Name some organic and inorganic phosphate

Answer 4

organic sources: phospholipids and nucleotides. inorganic sources added to media as salts eg. NaPO₄

Question 5

Name some organic and inorganic sources of sulphur

Answer 5

organic: some aa inorganic added as salts eg. NaSO₄

Question 6

What are micronutrients

Answer 6

trace elements reuired in small amounts eg. copper, nickel, zinc. Not added to media, enough in water and on glassware

Question 7

What are growth factors

Answer 7

preformed organic molecules that must be added to media b/c bacteria does not have genes to encode enzymes required to syntheize molecules. Vary w/bacteria species

Question 8

Name the 3 types of growth factors

Answer 8

aa, purines and pyrimidines, and vitamins

Question 9

Why doesn/’t E. coli requre growth factors

Answer 9

has genes that synthesize all its aa, purine and pyrimidines and vitamins

Question 10

What does fastidious mean?

Answer 10

needs a lot of growth factors, require more nutritional and media requirements

Question 11

Give an example of a fastidious genus and its gram

Answer 11

Leuconostoc (gram +ive) requires 20 aa and 20 vitamins

Question 12

What is the fn of niacin (aka nicotinic acid) (a vitamin)

Answer 12

used to synthesize nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD⁺)

Question 13

What is the fn of riboflavin (a vitamin)

Answer 13

used to synthesize flavin mononucleotide (FMN) and flavine adenine dinucleotide (FAD)

Question 14

What are the nutritional types of micro-organisms

Answer 14

the names have 3 components: nrg source, electron source and carbon source

Question 15

Name the nrg source nutritional types

Answer 15

phototrophs use light, chemotrophs use organic or inorganic chemical

Question 16

Name the electron source nutritional types

Answer 16

organotrophs use organic sources, lithotrphs use inorganic sources

Question 17

What are the fn of electrons

Answer 17

used for redox rxn, including those of ETC. and needed for reduction of organic molecules during synthesis eg CO₂→ C₆H₁₂O₆

Question 18

Name the carbon nutritional types

Answer 18

heterotrophs use organic souce of carbon. autotrophs use inorganic source of carbon (CO₂)

Question 19

Name 4 major nutritional types of micro-organisms

Answer 19

Photolithoautotrophs, photoorganoheterotrophs, chemolithoautotrophs, and chemorganohetrotrophs

Question 20

Give examples of photolithoautotrophs

Answer 20

purple sulphur, green sulphur bacteria and cyanobacteria

Question 21

Give examples of photoorganoheterotrophs

Answer 21

purple NON-sulphur and green NON-sulphur bacteria

Question 22

Give example of chemoorganoheterotrophs

Answer 22

most non-photosynthetic microbes eg E. coli