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a mix of everything Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

how many cells are in a human body?

A

around 250 cells

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2
Q

what atoms make up the water molecule?

A

oxygen and hydrogen

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3
Q

what atoms make up the carbon dioxide molecule?

A

carbon and oxygen

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4
Q

what atoms make up the glucose molecule?

A

carbon, hydrogen and oxygen

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5
Q

what is the levels of organisation in the human body?

A
  1. chemical (atoms)
  2. organella (mitochondria)
  3. cellular (smooth muscle cells)
  4. tissue (smooth muscle tissue)
  5. organ (blood vessels)
  6. system (e.g cardiovascular system)
  7. organism (the human)
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6
Q

what elements make up to 96% of the human body?

A

carbon, oxygen, hydrogen and nitrogen

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7
Q

what is it called when an atom gains or loses an electron?

A

an ion

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8
Q

what is it called when an atom has gained an electron and has a negative charge

A

an anion (kinda like onion having a negative affect )

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9
Q

what is it called when an atom has lost an electron and has a positive charge?

A

a cation (think t as a plus sign for positive)

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10
Q

how much % is our body made out of water

A

60-80%

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11
Q

water is a compound. what are the useful properties of water?

A

it reduces temperature fluctuations, universal solvent and cushioning

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12
Q

salt is a compound. what happens when you put it in water?

A

the salt dissolves in water separating into positive and negative ions

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13
Q

what substance does acids release?

A

hydrogen ions (h+)

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14
Q

what substance does bases release?

A

hydroxide ions (OH-)

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15
Q

carbohydrates contain:

A

carbon and water

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16
Q

carbohydrates come in three forms, what are these?

A

monosaccharides, disaccharides and polysaccharides

17
Q

what molecules make up monosaccharides?

A

glucose, fructose and galactose

18
Q

what molecules make up disaccharides?

A

maltose, sucrose and lactose

19
Q

what molecules make up polysaccharides?

A

starch glycone

20
Q

what are lipids known as?

A

they are known as fats

21
Q

what do lipids do in the human body?

A

they are a major source of stored energy in the body, protects and insulates organs, form the cell membrane and form some hormones

22
Q

what does proteins contain?

A

carbon, oxygen, hydrogen and nitrogen

23
Q

explain the pH scale

A

the pH scale is from 0-14 with 7 being neutral.
the lower the number the more acidic it will be.
the higher the number the more basic it will be

24
Q

roughly how many cells are in the human body

A

37,000,000,000,000

25
Q

how many different types of cells are there?

A

around 200 different types cells that vary in size, shape and function

26
Q

what are some things that are larger than most human cells?

A

the heart, grain of rice, coffee bean, grain of salt

27
Q

what are some things that are smaller than most human cells?

A

bacterium, virus, glucose molecule , oxygen molecule, carbon atom

28
Q

what is the cell membrane?

A

it is the outside boundary of the cell. it separates the cells content from everything outside of it

29
Q

what is the nucleus?

A

it is a dark staining, often circular or oval. it contains the cells genetic material. (dark circle in middle of the cell)

30
Q

what is cytoplasm?

A

it is a jelly like substance between the nucleus and the cell membrane

31
Q

what is the nuclear membrane?

A

it separates the genetic material inside the nucleus from the cytoplasm

32
Q

how is cytoplasm formed?

A

it is formed by cytosol, organelles and inclusions

33
Q

what is organelles?

A

it is known as the “metabolic machinery of the cell” as each has a specific function

34
Q

what is the nucleus?

A

it is the largest organelle.
it is surrounded by the nuclear membrane.
it contains DNA

it is the “control centre” of the cell

35
Q

what is mitochondria?

A

it is sausage shaped with a smooth outer membrane and folded inner membrane.
it makes energy for the cell.
there are many mitochondria in muscle cells.

it is the cells “power plant”

36
Q

what is endoplasmic reticulum (ER)?

A

endo carries substance from on part of the cell to another with the tubes or channels

37
Q

what is the rough ER?

A

it has ribosomes on its surface.
ribosomes make proteins.
rough ER transports proteins to the Golgi apparatus

38
Q

what is the smooth ER?

A

it has no ribosomes.
it makes lipids (fats) an cholesterol.
it detoxifies drugs and pesticides.

it is the “manufacturing department/assembly line” in the cell and the ribosomes are the “workers”

39
Q

what is Golgi apparatus?

A

it is stacks of flattened sacs.
it bubbles at the ends of sacs are transport or secretory vesicles.
packages, modifies and sorts proteins.
transport vesicle takes proteins and lipids to where they’re needed.

it is the “finishing and packing department + courier”

science (10 decks)

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