a mix of everything

Question 1

how many cells are in a human body?

Answer 1

around 250 cells

Question 2

what atoms make up the water molecule?

Answer 2

oxygen and hydrogen

Question 3

what atoms make up the carbon dioxide molecule?

Answer 3

carbon and oxygen

Question 4

what atoms make up the glucose molecule?

Answer 4

carbon, hydrogen and oxygen

Question 5

what is the levels of organisation in the human body?

Answer 5

1. chemical (atoms)
2. organella (mitochondria)
3. cellular (smooth muscle cells)
4. tissue (smooth muscle tissue)
5. organ (blood vessels)
6. system (e.g cardiovascular system)
7. organism (the human)

Question 6

what elements make up to 96% of the human body?

Answer 6

carbon, oxygen, hydrogen and nitrogen

Question 7

what is it called when an atom gains or loses an electron?

Answer 7

an ion

Question 8

what is it called when an atom has gained an electron and has a negative charge

Answer 8

an anion (kinda like onion having a negative affect )

Question 9

what is it called when an atom has lost an electron and has a positive charge?

Answer 9

a cation (think t as a plus sign for positive)

Question 10

how much % is our body made out of water

Answer 10

60-80%

Question 11

water is a compound. what are the useful properties of water?

Answer 11

it reduces temperature fluctuations, universal solvent and cushioning

Question 12

salt is a compound. what happens when you put it in water?

Answer 12

the salt dissolves in water separating into positive and negative ions

Question 13

what substance does acids release?

Answer 13

hydrogen ions (h+)

Question 14

what substance does bases release?

Answer 14

hydroxide ions (OH-)

Question 15

carbohydrates contain:

Answer 15

carbon and water

Question 16

carbohydrates come in three forms, what are these?

Answer 16

monosaccharides, disaccharides and polysaccharides

Question 17

what molecules make up monosaccharides?

Answer 17

glucose, fructose and galactose

Question 18

what molecules make up disaccharides?

Answer 18

maltose, sucrose and lactose

Question 19

what molecules make up polysaccharides?

Answer 19

starch glycone

Question 20

what are lipids known as?

Answer 20

they are known as fats

Question 21

what do lipids do in the human body?

Answer 21

they are a major source of stored energy in the body, protects and insulates organs, form the cell membrane and form some hormones

Question 22

what does proteins contain?

Answer 22

carbon, oxygen, hydrogen and nitrogen

Question 23

explain the pH scale

Answer 23

the pH scale is from 0-14 with 7 being neutral.
the lower the number the more acidic it will be.
the higher the number the more basic it will be

Question 24

roughly how many cells are in the human body

Answer 24

37,000,000,000,000

Question 25

how many different types of cells are there?

Answer 25

around 200 different types cells that vary in size, shape and function

Question 26

what are some things that are larger than most human cells?

Answer 26

the heart, grain of rice, coffee bean, grain of salt

Question 27

what are some things that are smaller than most human cells?

Answer 27

bacterium, virus, glucose molecule , oxygen molecule, carbon atom

Question 28

what is the cell membrane?

Answer 28

it is the outside boundary of the cell. it separates the cells content from everything outside of it

Question 29

what is the nucleus?

Answer 29

it is a dark staining, often circular or oval. it contains the cells genetic material. (dark circle in middle of the cell)

Question 30

what is cytoplasm?

Answer 30

it is a jelly like substance between the nucleus and the cell membrane

Question 31

what is the nuclear membrane?

Answer 31

it separates the genetic material inside the nucleus from the cytoplasm

Question 32

how is cytoplasm formed?

Answer 32

it is formed by cytosol, organelles and inclusions

Question 33

what is organelles?

Answer 33

it is known as the "metabolic machinery of the cell" as each has a specific function

Question 34

what is the nucleus?

Answer 34

it is the largest organelle. it is surrounded by the nuclear membrane. it contains DNA it is the "control centre" of the cell

Question 35

what is mitochondria?

Answer 35

it is sausage shaped with a smooth outer membrane and folded inner membrane. it makes energy for the cell. there are many mitochondria in muscle cells. it is the cells "power plant"

Question 36

what is endoplasmic reticulum (ER)?

Answer 36

endo carries substance from on part of the cell to another with the tubes or channels

Question 37

what is the rough ER?

Answer 37

it has ribosomes on its surface. ribosomes make proteins. rough ER transports proteins to the Golgi apparatus

Question 38

what is the smooth ER?

Answer 38

it has no ribosomes. it makes lipids (fats) an cholesterol. it detoxifies drugs and pesticides. it is the "manufacturing department/assembly line" in the cell and the ribosomes are the "workers"

Question 39

what is Golgi apparatus?

Answer 39

it is stacks of flattened sacs. it bubbles at the ends of sacs are transport or secretory vesicles. packages, modifies and sorts proteins. transport vesicle takes proteins and lipids to where they're needed. it is the "finishing and packing department + courier"