A: Matter, Carte 11 Flashcards
What does the particle model of matter state about heating matter?
Que dit le modèle particulaire de la matière à propos de l’échauffement de la matière ?
Heating matter causes particles to move faster.
This increase in speed leads to weaker attractive forces and greater distance between particles.
En chauffant la matière, les particules se déplacent plus rapidement.
Cette augmentation de la vitesse entraîne un affaiblissement des forces d’attraction et une augmentation de la distance entre les particules.
What happens to the attractive forces between particles when matter is heated?
Qu’advient-il des forces d’attraction entre les particules lorsque la matière est chauffée ?
The attractive forces weaken.
This weakening allows particles to move further apart.
Les forces d’attraction s’affaiblissent.
Cet affaiblissement permet aux particules de s’éloigner les unes des autres.
What is the effect of cooling matter on particle movement?
Quel est l’effet du refroidissement de la matière sur le mouvement des particules ?
Cooling matter causes particles to move slower.
As particles slow down, the attractive forces increase and the distance between them decreases.
Le refroidissement de la matière ralentit le mouvement des particules.
Lorsque les particules ralentissent, les forces d’attraction augmentent et la distance qui les sépare diminue.
What occurs to the attractive forces when matter is cooled?
Qu’advient-il des forces d’attraction lorsque la matière est refroidie ?
The attractive forces increase.
This increase leads to particles being closer together.
Les forces d’attraction augmentent.
Cette augmentation entraîne un rapprochement des particules.
Define a phase change.
Définir un changement de phase.
A phase change is a change from one state of matter to another.
Examples include melting, freezing, and boiling.
Un changement de phase est un passage d’un état de la matière à un autre.
Les exemples incluent la fusion, la congélation et l’ébullition.
During a phase change, what happens to the mass of the matter?
Lors d’un changement de phase, qu’arrive-t-il à la masse de la matière ?
The mass remains constant.
Volume may change during a phase change, but mass is conserved.
La masse reste constante.
Le volume peut changer lors d’un changement de phase, mais la masse est conservée.
What changes occur to particles when matter is heated or cooled?
Quels changements subissent les particules lorsque la matière est chauffée ou refroidie ?
Particles change speed and distance from each other.
Heating increases speed and distance; cooling decreases both.
Les particules changent de vitesse et de distance les unes par rapport aux autres.
Le chauffage augmente la vitesse et la distance ; le refroidissement les diminue.
What does a liquid thermometer use to measure temperature?
Qu’utilise un thermomètre à liquide pour mesurer la température ?
The expansion or contraction of matter
This principle allows for temperature readings based on physical changes in the liquid.
L’expansion ou la contraction de la matière
Ce principe permet de mesurer la température en fonction des changements physiques du liquide.
Which scale do scientists commonly use to measure temperature?
Quelle échelle les scientifiques utilisent-ils généralement pour mesurer la température ?
Celsius scale
The Celsius scale is widely adopted in scientific contexts.
Échelle Celsius
L’échelle Celsius est largement adoptée dans les contextes scientifiques.
What is defined as 0°C on the Celsius scale?
Quelle est la définition de 0°C sur l’échelle Celsius ?
The melting/freezing point of water
This point marks the transition of water from solid to liquid and vice versa.
Le point de fusion/congélation de l’eau
Ce point marque la transition de l’eau de l’état solide à l’état liquide et vice versa.
What is defined as 100°C on the Celsius scale?
The boiling point of water
This point indicates the temperature at which water transitions from liquid to gas.
How can expansion and contraction of matter be utilized?
For the design of tools that measure temperature
This principle is fundamental in the development of various temperature-measuring devices.
What is the typical response of materials to heating?
Expansion
Expansion is the process where materials increase in size or volume when heated.
What is the typical response of materials to cooling?
Contraction
Contraction is the process where materials decrease in size or volume when cooled.
What unusual property does water have in its solid form compared to its liquid form?
Greater volume in solid form than in liquid form
This property is crucial for the survival of aquatic life in cold environments.
Why is ice less dense than liquid water?
Because of water’s unusual property of having greater volume in solid form than in liquid form
This results in ice floating on water.
What happens to the surface of a body of water when the temperature drops below the freezing point?
It freezes
The freezing creates a layer of ice on top of the water.
What benefit does the frozen surface of a large body of water provide?
Forms an insulating sheet of ice that protects aquatic life from harsh temperature changes.
This insulation helps maintain a stable environment for organisms below the ice.
What must be considered when designing and constructing infrastructure due to materials’ response to temperature change?
Consideration of expansion and contraction
This includes factors affecting sidewalks, bridges, and roads.
What is the general behavior of most matter when subjected to heat?
Most matter expands when heated and contracts when cooled
This behavior is consistent across various materials.
