A few must-knows for the MCQ exam Flashcards
Which drug will reduce the clearance of lithium?
Thiazide diuretics.
Which class of drug is used to treat motion sickness?
Anti-muscarinics, e.g. scopolamine
Name a benzodiazepine that does NOT have active metabolites.
Lorazepam.
Name a local anaesthetic that causes methaemoglobinaemia.
Prilocaine.
What class of drug is benztropine?
Anti-muscarinic (anticholinergic).
What effect does propranolol have on serum lipid studies?
Causes raised plasma triglyceride levels.
What is meant by arterial oxygen tension?
PaO2.
What are the basic pharmacodynamics of tramadol?
Weak Mu agonist.
Noradrenaline inhibition.
Serotonin reuptake inhibition, therefore beware of serotonin syndrome in combination with SSRIs.
How does timolol work to treat glaucoma?
Beta-blocker, causing reduced production of aqueous humour.
How does pilocarpine work to treat glaucoma?
Parasympathomimetic, constricts ciliary muscle.
Name an electrolyte abnormality that will increase the risk of digoxin toxicity.
Hypercalcaemia. Hypokalaemia. Hypomagnasaemia.
What effect does digoxin have on the refractory period?
Shortens the action potential and the refractory period due to decreased potassium conductance.
What effect does amiodarone have on the refractory period?
Causes QT prolongation, action potential prolongation, refractory period prolongation.
What class of drug is diphenhydramine?
Anti-histamine (Benadryl)
What is involved in lead-induced peripheral neuropathy?
Impaired extensor function of the upper limbs, with wrist drop.
What class of drug are the organophosphates?
Indirect-acting cholinomimetics. Found in insecticide, herbicides…
What is the basic pharmacodynamic action of probenecid?
Increases uric acid excretion in urine (used to treat gout).
What is homatropine?
An anticholinergic eye drop used to create mydriasis. Note that it can precipitate glaucoma.
What are the ion concentrations of CSL (Hartmann’s solution)?
Na: 131 mmol/L Cl: 111 mmol/: Lactate: 29 mmol/L K: 5 mmol/L Ca: 2 mmol/L
What is the osmolarity of CSL (Hartmann’s solution)?
279 mOsm/L
What can be used to treat Tourrette’s syndrome?
Haloperidol
What is the osmolarity of 0.9% normal saline?
300mOsm/L
What are the ion concentrations of 0.9% normal saline?
Na: 150 mmol/L
Cl: 150 mmol/L
