A. Definitions

Question 1

Simple Ion

Answer 1

Atom which has lost or gained electrons

Question 2

isomer

Answer 2

Same molecular formula Different structural formula

Question 3

Hydrocarbon

Answer 3

Compound containing only C and H atoms

Question 4

Acid

Answer 4

Solution containing a higher number of H+ _(aq) ions than OH- _(aq) ions

Question 5

Molecule

Answer 5

2 or more atoms joined together by covalent bonds

Question 6

Covalent bond

Answer 6

A shared pair of electrons

Question 7

Isotope

Answer 7

Atoms with

Same atomic number Different mass number

Question 8

Alkali

Answer 8

Solution with higher numbers of OH- _(aq) ions than H+ _(aq) ions

Question 9

Atomic number

Answer 9

Number of protons in an atom

Question 10

Fuel

Answer 10

A substance that burns to release energy

Question 11

Combustion

Answer 11

Combining with oxygen to release energy

Question 12

Valency

Answer 12

The number of unpaired outer electrons in an atom

Question 13

Element

Answer 13

Substance containing only one type of atom

Question 14

Mass number

Answer 14

The sum of the number of protons and neutrons in an element

Question 15

Solute

Answer 15

A substance that will dissolve in a liquid (water)

Question 16

Diatomic

Answer 16

A molecule containing two atoms

Question 17

What are the 7 diatomic elements?

Answer 17

• Iodine
• Hydrogen
• Nitrogen
• Bromine
• Oxygen
• Chlorine
• Fluorine

Question 18

Exothermic

Answer 18

A reaction that releases energy to the surroundings

Question 19

Endothermic

Answer 19

Reaction in which heat energy is taken in from the surroundings

Question 20

What are the properties of protons?

Answer 20

Charge : 1+

Mass: 1 a.m.u

Found: in the nucleus

Question 21

What are the properties of neutrons?

Answer 21

Charge: 0

Mass: 1 a.m.u

Found: in the nucleus

Question 22

What are the properties of electrons?

Answer 22

• Charge: 1-
• Mass: 0
• Found : in shells around nucleus

Question 23

Period

Answer 23

Horizontal row of elements in the periodic table

Question 24

Electricity

Answer 24

The flow of charged particles

(electrons and ions)

Question 25

Solvent

Answer 25

A liquid into which a substance will dissolve

Question 26

Homologous series

Answer 26

Compounds with Same general formula AND Similar chemical properties ***_(both needed_***)

Question 27

Lattice

Answer 27

A regular, repeating 3-D structure ( ionic and metallic)

Question 28

Saturated

Answer 28

A substance where all C to C bonds are single

Question 29

Unsaturated

Answer 29

A substance contains (at least) one C=C bond

Question 30

Halogen

Answer 30

Any of the group 7 elements

Question 31

Alkali metal

Answer 31

Any of the group 1 metals ## Footnote ***They form alkalis when reacting with water***

Question 32

Salt

Answer 32

When the H+ aqueous ions of an acid are replaced by metal (or ammonium) ions ## Footnote 1. sulphuric acid gives sulphate salts 2. hydrochloric acid gives chloride salts 3. nitric acid gives nitrate salts

Question 33

What is meant by Neutralisation of acids

Answer 33

Removing excess H+ _(aq) ions from a solution

Question 34

What is a Base?

Answer 34

A substance that neutralises an acid

Question 35

What are the 3 types of base?

Answer 35

* Metal Hydroxide * Metal Carbonate * Metal Oxide

Question 36

What is meant by Pollution?

Answer 36

The introduction of harmful substances into the environment

Question 37

Spectator ion

Answer 37

An ion that doesn’t take part in a reaction Reactions of acids Displacement reactions

Question 38

Catalyst

Answer 38

A substance that increases the rate of a reaction

Question 39

Indicator

Answer 39

A substance that changes colour when something is added to it

Question 40

Solution

Answer 40

A mixture of a solvent and a solute

Question 41

Electrolysis

Answer 41

Breaking apart an ionic compound using electricity

Question 42

Noble gases

Answer 42

Unreactive group 8 elements

Question 43

Ion migration

Answer 43

Movement of ions to opposite charged terminal

Question 44

A mole

Answer 44

The gram formula mass of a substance

Question 45

Relative atomic mass (RAM)

Answer 45

The average mass of an element taking into account the relative abundance of each isotope

Question 46

Density

Answer 46

Mass divided by volume

Question 47

Electrostatic attraction

Answer 47

Attraction between oppositely charged particles

Question 48

Acid rain

Answer 48

Rain with pH below 5.5

Question 49

Acidic oxide

Answer 49

Non metal oxide that is soluble in water

Question 50

Basic oxide

Answer 50

Metal oxide that is soluble in water

Question 51

Oxidation

Answer 51

The loss of electrons

Question 52

Reduction

Answer 52

The gain of electrons

Question 53

Functional Group

Answer 53

The part of a molecule that is responsible for its chemical (and sometimes physical) properties.

Question 54

Why are atoms neutral?

Answer 54

They contain equal numbers of positive charges (protons) and negative charges (electrons)

Question 55

What is Qualitative Analysis?

Answer 55

Used to determine what substances are present. A flame test for example

Question 56

What is Quantitative Analysis?

Answer 56

Used to determine the quantity of a substance in a sample. A titration is used for quantitative analysis

Question 57

Why can alkalis never have zero H+ _(aq) ions present

Answer 57

Because alkalis are aqueous solutions and the dissociation of water means some H⁺ ions must be present

Question 58

Why can acids never have zero OH- _(aq) ions present?

Answer 58

Because acids are aqueous solutions and the dissociation of water means some OH^- ions must be present

Question 59

Give 2 advantages of neutralising with a metal carbonate instead of a metal oxide

Answer 59

1. Reaction rate is high enough that acid doesn't need to be heated 2. Easier end point detection due to evolution of CO₂

Question 60

What does group number tell you?

Answer 60

The number of electrons in outer shell