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Nat 5 2019-2021 > A. Definitions > Flashcards

A. Definitions Flashcards

1
Q

Simple Ion

A

Atom which has lost or gained electrons

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2
Q

isomer

A

Same molecular formula Different structural formula

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3
Q

Hydrocarbon

A

Compound containing only C and H atoms

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4
Q

Acid

A

Solution containing a higher number of H+ (aq) ions than OH- (aq) ions

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5
Q

Molecule

A

2 or more atoms joined together by covalent bonds

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6
Q

Covalent bond

A

A shared pair of electrons

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7
Q

Isotope

A

Atoms with

Same atomic number Different mass number

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8
Q

Alkali

A

Solution with higher numbers of OH- (aq) ions than H+ (aq) ions

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9
Q

Atomic number

A

Number of protons in an atom

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10
Q

Fuel

A

A substance that burns to release energy

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11
Q

Combustion

A

Combining with oxygen to release energy

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12
Q

Valency

A

The number of unpaired outer electrons in an atom

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13
Q

Element

A

Substance containing only one type of atom

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14
Q

Mass number

A

The sum of the number of protons and neutrons in an element

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15
Q

Solute

A

A substance that will dissolve in a liquid (water)

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16
Q

Diatomic

A

A molecule containing two atoms

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17
Q

What are the 7 diatomic elements?

A
  • Iodine
  • Hydrogen
  • Nitrogen
  • Bromine
  • Oxygen
  • Chlorine
  • Fluorine
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18
Q

Exothermic

A

A reaction that releases energy to the surroundings

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19
Q

Endothermic

A

Reaction in which heat energy is taken in from the surroundings

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20
Q

What are the properties of protons?

A

Charge : 1+

Mass: 1 a.m.u

Found: in the nucleus

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21
Q

What are the properties of neutrons?

A

Charge: 0

Mass: 1 a.m.u

Found: in the nucleus

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22
Q

What are the properties of electrons?

A
  • Charge: 1-
  • Mass: 0
  • Found : in shells around nucleus
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23
Q

Period

A

Horizontal row of elements in the periodic table

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24
Q

Electricity

A

The flow of charged particles

(electrons and ions)

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25
Q

Solvent

A

A liquid into which a substance will dissolve

26
Q

Homologous series

A

Compounds with

Same general formula AND Similar chemical properties

(both needed)

27
Q

Lattice

A

A regular, repeating 3-D structure

( ionic and metallic)

28
Q

Saturated

A

A substance where all C to C bonds are single

29
Q

Unsaturated

A

A substance contains (at least) one C=C bond

30
Q

Halogen

A

Any of the group 7 elements

31
Q

Alkali metal

A

Any of the group 1 metals

They form alkalis when reacting with water

32
Q

Salt

A

When the H+ aqueous ions of an acid are replaced by metal (or ammonium) ions

  1. sulphuric acid gives sulphate salts
  2. hydrochloric acid gives chloride salts
  3. nitric acid gives nitrate salts
33
Q

What is meant by Neutralisation of acids

A

Removing excess H+ (aq) ions from a solution

34
Q

What is a Base?

A

A substance that neutralises an acid

35
Q

What are the 3 types of base?

A
  • Metal Hydroxide
  • Metal Carbonate
  • Metal Oxide
36
Q

What is meant by Pollution?

A

The introduction of harmful substances into the environment

37
Q

Spectator ion

A

An ion that doesn’t take part in a reaction

Reactions of acids Displacement reactions

38
Q

Catalyst

A

A substance that increases the rate of a reaction

39
Q

Indicator

A

A substance that changes colour when something is added to it

40
Q

Solution

A

A mixture of a solvent and a solute

41
Q

Electrolysis

A

Breaking apart an ionic compound using electricity

42
Q

Noble gases

A

Unreactive group 8 elements

43
Q

Ion migration

A

Movement of ions to opposite charged terminal

44
Q

A mole

A

The gram formula mass of a substance

45
Q

Relative atomic mass (RAM)

A

The average mass of an element taking into account the relative abundance of each isotope

46
Q

Density

A

Mass divided by volume

47
Q

Electrostatic attraction

A

Attraction between oppositely charged particles

48
Q

Acid rain

A

Rain with pH below 5.5

49
Q

Acidic oxide

A

Non metal oxide that is soluble in water

50
Q

Basic oxide

A

Metal oxide that is soluble in water

51
Q

Oxidation

A

The loss of electrons

52
Q

Reduction

A

The gain of electrons

53
Q

Functional Group

A

The part of a molecule that is responsible for its chemical (and sometimes physical) properties.

54
Q

Why are atoms neutral?

A

They contain equal numbers of positive charges (protons) and negative charges (electrons)

55
Q

What is Qualitative Analysis?

A

Used to determine what substances are present.

A flame test for example

56
Q

What is Quantitative Analysis?

A

Used to determine the quantity of a substance in a sample.

A titration is used for quantitative analysis

57
Q

Why can alkalis never have zero H+ (aq) ions present

A

Because alkalis are aqueous solutions and the dissociation of water means some H+ ions must be present

58
Q

Why can acids never have zero OH- (aq) ions present?

A

Because acids are aqueous solutions and the dissociation of water means some OH- ions must be present

59
Q

Give 2 advantages of neutralising with a metal carbonate instead of a metal oxide

A
  1. Reaction rate is high enough that acid doesn’t need to be heated
  2. Easier end point detection due to evolution of CO2
60
Q

What does group number tell you?

A

The number of electrons in outer shell

Nat 5 2019-2021 (26 decks)

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