Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

a and p > a and p lecture 10 > Flashcards

a and p lecture 10 Flashcards

1
Q

Structure of artires

A
  • Thicker Tunica media (controlling blood pressure)
  • Much more internal and external elastic laminae, under higher pressure
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Three classes of each arteial wall depending on size and function

A
  • elastic arteries
  • muscular arteries
  • Arterioles
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Elastic Arteries (conducting)

A

largest in diameter, inculde aorta and immediat branches, nearest to heart. Highest pressure of any vessels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Muscular arteries (distributing)

A

Intermediate in diameter, well developed tunica media, mostly smooth muschles. Most smallar branches aorta, include mostly smallar artires supply organs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Pressure receptors (barorceptors)

A

In the aorta, and also in common carotid artery in the neck. Detect blood oxygen, CO2 and Hydrogen ion concentrations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Vein function

A
  • outnumber arteries (70%) of the body is veins
  • larger average diameter
  • Function as blood resivars
  • Thinner walls, fewer elastic fibers, less smooth muscles and larger lumens than artiers
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Venules

A

smallest veins, drain blood from capillary beds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Tiny postcapillary venules

A
  • Little more then endothelim, some surroundg connective tissie. Enables exchange material with surrounding intertalr fluif
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Three tunics

A

More distinct when venules merge to become larger venules and then veins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Vein structure

A
  • Thin tunica media with few smooth muscle cells, diameter changes only slightly with vasodilation and vasoconstriction
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Veins contain

A

venioles valves, (extensions of the tunica intima) overlap and prevent blood from flowing backward in the venous circuit. High in leg veins where blood flow toward heart opposed by gravity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Capillary wall consist

A

endothelium ( simple squamous epithelium) basement membrane, layer of loose C.T. scatterd pericappilary cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Pericapillary cells

A

Fibroblasts, macrophages, or undifferentiated smooth muscle cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

How does subastance move through capillaires

A

diffusion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Lipid-soluble and small water-soluble molcue

A

move through plasma membrain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Larger water-soluble molecules

A

pass through fenestrate gaps between endothelial cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Continuous Capillaries

A

No gaps between endothelial cells, no fenestrate, and less permeable to large molecules than other capillary types. Ex. muscle, nervous tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Fenestrated Capillaries

A

Endothelial numerous fenestrate, cytoplasm is absent and plasma membrane is made of a thin pours diaphragm, highly permeable. Ex. Intestinal villi, the ciliary process of the eye, choroid plexus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Sinusoidal

A

Large diameter with large fenestrate, less basement membrane. Ex. Endocrine glands (large molecules cross walls)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Sinusoids

A

Large diameter sinusoidal capillaries, sparse basement membrane. Ex. Liver, bone marroe

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Venous sinuses

A

Similar in structure to sinusoids but even larger. Ex. Spleen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Capillary network

A
  • blood flows through metarterioles > through capillary network > flow through thoroughfare channel ( consistant ehile flow though arterial cappilaries is intemintant
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Precapillary sphincters

A

smooth muscle in arterioles, metartiols that regulate blood flow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Arteriovenous anastomoses

A

Vascular connections that allow blood to flow directly from arterioles to small veins (skipping capillaries)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Glomus

A

arteriovenous anastomosis with abundant smooth
muscle in walls; abundant in sole of foot, palm of hand,
terminal phalanges, nail beds; help regulate body temp by
adjusting blood flow through them

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Neural innervation

A
  • unmyelinated sympathetic nerve fibers form plexi in tunica adventitia: vasoconstriction
  • small artires and areoles inverted
  • vessels of penis and clitoris inverted by parasympathetic
  • some blood vessels inverted by myelinated fibers and act as baroreceptors that monitor stretch ad detect changes in bp
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

arteriosclerosis

A

degenerative changes in arteries make them less elastic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

atherosclerosis

A

Deposition of plaque on walls

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Interrelationships between _____ is the dynamics of blood circulation

A

Flow, resistance, pressure

30
Q

Flow, resistance and pressure

A

Control mechanisms that regulate bp and bf

31
Q

Laminar flow

A

Streamlined, the interior of B V is smooth and equal in diameter along length, outermost area moving slowest and the center moving fastest

32
Q

Turbulent flow

A

Interrupted, rate of flow exceeds critical velocity; fluid passes a constriction, sharp turn, rough surface; partially responsible heart sounds; increases probability of thrombosis

33
Q

Blood Pressure (BP)

A

measure of force exerted by blood against the wall

34
Q

How is blood pressure measured directly

A

Using cannula into B V

35
Q

How is B P measured indirectly

A

Using auscultatory method

36
Q

Auscultory method

A

Sphygmomanometer and stethoscope ( at dr office) Korotkoff sounds

37
Q

Pressure during first sound

A

Systolic

38
Q

Pressure where sound disappears

A

Diastolic

39
Q

Blood flow equation

A

Flow=(P1 -P2/R)

40
Q

What is P1 and P2

A

Pressures in the vessel at points of one and two

41
Q

What is R

A

R is the resistance to flow

42
Q

Blood flow

A

Directly proportional to pressure differences, inversely proportional to resistance

43
Q

Resistance equation

A

Resistance = 128 (vl)/piD^4)

44
Q

What is V in resistance equation

A

Viscosity

45
Q

What is l in resistance equation

A

length of vessel

46
Q

What is D in resistance equation

A

Diameter of the vessel

47
Q

Poiseuille’s Law

A

Flow decreases when resistance increases and vice versa. resistance proportional to blood vessel diameter, constriction of a BV increases resistance thus decreases flow

48
Q

Flow equation

A

Flow = ((P1-P2)/R) = (pi (P1-P2)D^4)/128vl)

49
Q

What happens during exersise

A

Heart beats with greater force increasing pressure in the aorta. Cappilaries to skeletal muscles increase in diameter decreasing resistance and increasing flow

50
Q

Increased flow aorta

A

It can go from 5L/min to 5 times that amount

51
Q

Viscosity

A

Measure of resistance of liquid to flow, resistance is proportionate to flow

52
Q

Increase in viscosity

A

Increases the pressure required to flow

53
Q

What is viscosity influenced by

A

Hematocrit

54
Q

Hematocrit

A

Percentage of the total BV composed of red blood cells

55
Q

What leads to increased viscosity

A

Dehydration and or uncontrolled production of RBC. Also increases workload on the heart

56
Q

Critical closing pressure

A

Pressure at which a BV collapses and BF stops

57
Q

Laplaces law

A

Force acting on BV wall is proportional to the diameter of the vessel times the BP

58
Q

Laplaces law equation

A

F= D * P; as diameter of vessel increases force on wall increases

59
Q

Aneurysm

A

Weekend part of the Vessel wall bulges out

60
Q

Compliance

A

increase in volume/ increase in pressure

61
Q

Vascular Compliamce

A

Tendency for BV volume to increase as BP increases

62
Q

The more easly vessel wall streaches

A

greater its compliance

63
Q

Venous system

A

Has large compliance (24 times greater than that of arteries) and acts as a blood reservoir

64
Q

Physiology of Systematic Circulation

A

Cross sectional area

65
Q

Cross-sectional area

A
  • Diameter of vessel decreases total cross-sectional area increases, velocity of BF decreases
    -Like a stream flows rapidly through narrow gorge but slowly through a broad plane
    -one aorta with cross cross-sectional area of 5cm^2. Total cross-sectional area of millions of capillaries is 2500 cm^2
66
Q

Blood Pressure average

A
  • 100mm HG in the aorta and then drops to 0mm Hg by time blood gets to the right atrium. due to increased resistance to flow as cross-sectional area increases
67
Q

Where is the greatest drop in pressure

A

In arterioles, regulate BF through tissues

68
Q

Pulse Pressure

A

Difference between systolic and diastolic pressure

69
Q

When does PP increase/decrease

A

Increases when stroke volume increases or vascular compliance decreases. Compliance tends decrease with age

70
Q

Pulse Pressure (PP) used

A

Take a pulse and determine heart rate and rhythmicity

a and p (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions