a and p axial skeleton III

Question 1

Name some functions of the skeleton

Answer 1

to support, protect, provide movement and attachment for muscles. Also a place to store lipids and minerals, as well as allow for hematopoiesis

Question 2

Name the types of bone

Answer 2

Compact - Smooth & Homogenous
Spongey – Lots of open space with small bars (trabeculae)
Long – Longer than they are wide, mostly compact bone (femur)
Short – “Cube shaped” Mostly spongey bone (tarsals)
Flat – Thin bone, Compact bone on either side of spongey bone (bones of the skull)
Irregular – Bones that don’t fall into another class (vertebrae)
Sesamoid – Bone in a tendon (patella)
Sutural – Bones between the cranial bones

Question 3

What is the difference between a newborn and adult skeleton

Answer 3

Newborn: hyaline cartilage
Adult: mostly hardened bone
Both: Comprised of CT

Question 4

What are joints and what do they do

Answer 4

Functions:
1) Hold bones together
2) Allows for movement
Classified in 2 ways:
1) Structurally (based on the presence of connective tissue or joint cavity)
2) Functionally (based on the amount of movement)
Structural joints:
-Fibrous
-Cartilaginous
-Synovial
Functional joints:
-Synarthroses (immovable)
-Amphiarthroses (somewhat movable)
-Diarthroses (freely moveable)

Question 5

What makes the pectoral girdle special?

Answer 5

• Attach the upper limbs to the axial skeleton
  Two Bones: Clavicle (Anterior) & Scapula (Posterior)

Special features:
Sternoclavicular joints = only site of attachment to the axial skeleton

The looseness of the scapular attachment allows for the shoulder blade to slide back and forth with muscle movement

Glenoid cavity is shallow and does little to stabilize the joint
The above allow for a wide range of movement

Question 6

Features and bones of the hand

Answer 6

3 Groups of bones:
-Carpals (Wrist)
-Metacarpals (Hand/Palm)
-Phalanges (fingers)
Phalanges: 14 bones ‘Fingers’ have 3 phalanges (proximal, middle, distal), thumbs have 2 phalanges (proximal & distal)

Question 7

Name features of the thigh

Answer 7

One bone – Femur
Heaviest and strongest bone in the body
Articulates with Hip bone at the acetabulum
(Fovea capitis)
Keeps Knees in a place to support the weight of the body

Question 8

Name stuff about the leg

Answer 8

Two bones: Tibia & fibula
Tibia = Larger and more medial = Shin bone
Fibula = Smaller and lateral to the Tibia