A - Ainsworth's types of attachment (AO3)

Question 1

What is a strength of the Strange Situation test? - High reliability

Answer 1

===> Strict and controlled conditions - multiple observers coding same behaviour off predetermined checklist of behaviours to achieve 94% agreement between them. Data collected consistently and enhances credibility. However, controlled environment may reduce ecological validity

Question 2

What is a strength of the Strange Situation test? - Good predictive validity

Answer 2

===> Extensive research suggests type B infants experience better outcomes in childhood and adulthood. Decreased likelihood of bullying involvement (Myron-Wilson and Smith, 1998) and longer-lasting relationships (Hazan and Shaver, 1983). Valuable real-world applications - insecure attachments can take steps to overcome this (therapy)

Question 3

What is a limitation of the Strange Situation test? - Incomplete classification system?

Answer 3

===> Main and Solomon (1986) analysed hundreds of ‘SS’ videotapes and identified type D (insecure-disorganised) - inconsistent behaviour patterns, combo of type A and C. SS could lead to incomplete understanding of children’s attachment patterns and implications for development. Research shown type D associated with abuse and neglect - identification crucial for intervention

Question 4

What is a limitation of the Strange Situation test? - Cultural bias

Answer 4

===> Assumes secure attachment (based on Western ‘norms’) is gold standard but children in Germany more likely to be type A (values associated with independence) and type C in Japan (parenting styles priorities closeness and interdependence). Unfairly reflecting negatively on other cultures and don’t consider cultural relativism - using strange situation everywhere might be impose etic