A Flashcards
What is the definition of abacterial?
Abacterial indicates that something has no presence of bacteria in it
What is the definition of abattoir?
An abattoir is a location in which animals are slaughtered; a slaughter house.
What is the definition of abaxial?
Abaxial is a term that refers to something in particular being found away from the center of the body or the body part in question.
What is the definition of abdomen?
The abdomen is the part of the body between the chest and the hips.
It contains some of the most vital organs of them all, including the stomach and intestines, the bladder, the liver, and other vital organs.
Abdominal is an adjective term that refers to something pertaining to the abdomen.
What is the definition of abdominal breathing?
Abdominal breathing is an irregular type of breathing that uses the muscles in the wall of the abdomen to move air into the lungs and pump it back out.
Abdominal breathing is not normal and is normally the indicator of some type of respiratory condition or infection.
What is the definition of abdominal cavity?
The abdominal cavity is the space in the abdomen that holds the major digestive organs in an animal.
Normally referred to as the area between the diaphragm and the pelvis.
Also referred to as the peritoneal cavity.
What is the definition of abdominal effusion?
Abdominal effusion refers to a condition in which fluid collects around the vital organs located inside the abdomen.
This is normally the side effect of a more serious condition, like liver disease or heart disease.
Certain bacterial infections can also cause the build-up of such fluid, as can certain types of cancer.
An animal experiencing abdominal effusion will likely have an extremely bloated midsection.
What is the definition of abdominal wall?
The abdominal wall is a group of bones, muscles, and vital tissues that make up the wall around the organs in the abdomen.
Inside these bones, muscles, and tissues is a cavity, and the cavity is what houses the vital organs found inside the abdomen.
The abdominal wall is vital for protection of these organs.
What is the definition of abdominocentesis?
Abdominocentesis is a procedure in which a needle is inserted into the abdomen of the animal to remove fluid.
In most cases, abdominocentesis is used to make a diagnosis of some sort in a sick animal.
What is the definition of abduct?
Abduct is the opposite of adduct.
It refers to the movement of something away from the animal’s midsection.
What is the definition of abiotrophy?
Abiotrophy refers to the loss of use of an organ in particular.
In most cases, this is a progressive condition and is inheritable.
Abiotrophy may occur in an organ, a tissue, or even the nervous system.
What is the definition of ablactate?
Ablactate is to take off of the teat or to stop from nursing; to wean an animal off of its mother’s milk.
What is the definition of ablate?
To ablate is to complete take something out of something else.
Ablation (n.) refers to removal of a particular body part by cutting it out.
What is the definition of abomasopexy?
The surgical procedure of attaching the fourth stomach (the abomasums) compartment to the abdominal wall.
What is the definition of abomasums?
In animals, the fourth of several stomach compartments. Also referred to as the true or real stomach.
What is the definition of aboral?
Aboral is used to describe a direction; away from or outside an animal’s mouth.
What is the definition of abort?
Abort is to end the pregnancy early; in animals, usually used to describe similar circumstances as a ‘miscarriage’ in humans.
An abortion (n.) is used to describe the ending of a pregnancy whether purposeful or accidental.
What is the definition of abortive?
Abortive means fails to work properly; unfruitful.
In veterinary medicine, used to describe an animal that is barren or unable to successfully reproduce.
What is the definition of abrasion?
Abrasion is an injury that has occurred in which one or more of the topmost layers of the skin are scraped away.
Also known as a scrape.
What is the definition of abscess?
An abscess is localized infection, usually a lesion filled with pus.
Can be large or small in size.
What is the definition of absolute age?
In veterinary medicine, absolute age refers to an animal’s actual age in calendar years rather than the age pertaining to their development. ex: absolute age (actual age) vs. age in ‘dog years.
What is the definition of absorption?
In veterinary medicine, absorption is the joining of already digested nutrients with the circulatory system.
Absorption is how an animal’s body makes use of nutrients from food.
What is the definition of absorption rate?
Absorption rate is rate at which digested nutrients enters the circulatory system.
What is the definition of abundance?
Abundance is the number of animals per unit area
What is the definition of acariasis?
Acariasis refers to the condition of being overrun with parasites, such as ticks or mites.
What is the definition of acaricide?
Acaricide is any substance known to kill certain parasites, including ticks and mites.
May be found in the form of a paste, a liquid, or a powder.
What is the definition of acarid?
Acarid refers to any tick or mite belonging to the order Acarina or the family Acaridae.
What is the definition of acarine?
Acarine is a mite or a tick
What is the definition of acclimate?
Acclimate is to become accustomed to new actions, surroundings, environment, or companions.
What is the definition of acclimatisation?
Acclimatisation is the act of helping an animal to adjust to something or some place foreign to them.
What is the definition of accommodation?
Accommodation is the act of helping an animal to adjust to something or some place foreign to them.
What is the definition of accredited herd?
Accredited herd is a term that is used to refer to dairy cattle that has been tested and received the certification necessary to be declared free of tuberculosis as described by the United States Department of Agriculture.
To be considered part of the accredited herd, two tests given must be passed.
What is the definition of accuracy of selection?
Accuracy of selection refers to the difference between what an animal’s breeding value was estimated to be and its actual breeding value.
What is the definition of acetabulum?
Acetabulum is the socket that holds the head of the femur, found in the pelvis of a given animal.
What is the definition of acetic acid?
Acetic acid is chemically described as CH3COOH.
In the veterinary context, acetic acid is used in the fermentation of lactic acid and a necessary component of taste in certain dairy products.
What is the definition of acetic bacteria?
Acetic bacteria is the bacteria that is involved with turning alcohol into acetic acid.
What is the definition of acetic fermentation?
Acetic fermentation is the process of turning ethyl alcohol into acetic acid with the use of fermenting bacteria.
What is the definition of acetone?
Chemically described as CH3COCH3, created from the fermentation of sugar and starch.
Acetone can be found in the urine of a diabetic animal, the breath of certain lactating animals, and in blood.
When found in lactating animals, acetone indicates a deficiency, usually of carbohydrates resulting from an inability to properly oxidize fat in feed.
What is the definition of a acetonemia?
Acetonemia is a disease.
It involves the presence of large amounts of acetone in the blood.
This condition is also referred to as: milk fever, acidosis, acetenouria, pregnancy disease (in ewes).
What is the definition of achalasia?
Achalasia refers to difficulty or lack of ability to release the smooth muscle in the digestive system, found in the gastrointestinal tract.
What is the definition of achondroplasia?
Achondroplasia refers to the changes undergone by the skeletal system during development of the fetus; has the ability to be inherited genetically.
What is the definition of acid?
An acid is any substance or solution with a total pH of less than 7; a term used to described low pH or an increase in the number of hydrogen ions in a given substance.
What is the definition of acid-fast?
Acid-fast resists the effects of acids; has less of a chance of losing color due to acidic properties
What is the definition of acidified silage?
Acidified silage refers to silage that is preserved with the help of certain types of acid, including sulfuric or hydrochloric acid, some combination of sulfuric and hydrochloric acid, or commercial phosphoric acid.
What is the definition of acidity?
Acidity refers to the density of hydrogen ions in a given solution.
What is the definition of acidophilus?
Acidophilus is a term used to describe an organism that tends to thrive in an acidic environment, such as soil rich in acid.
What is the definition of acidosis?
Acidosis is a condition of the body in which pH levels are abnormally low.
What is the definition of acoustic?
Acoustic refers to the sound properties of a given item
What is the definition of acquired character?
Acquired character is the changes that the character of a particular animal has gone through, whether the be physiological or otherwise.
May be due to the environment that they live in.
Acquired character cannot be passed on and it is not genetic in nature.
What is the definition of acquired immunity?
Acquired immunity refers to the immunity that can be built up to a disease or illness that an animal would normally fall victim to.
There are several reasons why this is, and it may be an active immunity (antibodies build up through having the disease) or passive immunity (e.g., immunity passed on through mother’s milk or an animal’s serum).
What is the definition of acre per animal unit month?
Acre per animal unit month is a measurement; used to figure the number of acres that are needed for one animal to be able to forage easily for one month when used properly.
What is the definition of acromegaly?
Acromegaly is an issue caused by excessive growth hormones in which the extremities become larger in size
What is the definition of acromion?
The acromion is the outer edge of the scapula; this is where the collar bone is attached to the animal’s body
What is the definition of acrosome?
Acrosome refers to the small cap that covers the head of sperm
What is the definition of active agent?
Active agent, also referred to as active ingredient, is a term used to describe the ingredient in a chemical that poses a toxic threat to a particular animal
What is the definition of active immunity?
Active immunity refers to immunity that is built up through exposure to the disease or pathogen
What is the definition of actual analysis?
Actual analysis is the compiling of materials using a chemical analysis generated in a laboratory rather than a generalised analysis
What is the definition of actual use?
Actual use is a term used to refer to the amount of area used by certain animals, e.g. livestock or hunting game; expressed in animal units or animal unit months
What is the definition of acuity?
Acuity is the property of being sharp; in veterinary medicine this usually refers to the quality of an animal’s vision
What is the definition of acute?
Acute is a term used to imply that a situation or condition is more severe than usual; also used to refer to a disease having run a short course or come on suddenly.
What is the definition of acute renal failure?
Acute Renal Failure is the failure of the kidneys/loss of function of the kidneys.
ARF usually comes on suddenly.
What is the definition of acute toxicity?
Acute toxicity is the potential that something, usually a medicine or substance, has to injure or cause illness in an animal when given as one dose or as multiple doses in the span of one day or less than one day.
What is the definition of ad lib?
Ad lib means as much as needed or wanted; short form of the word ad libitum
What is the definition of ad lib feeding?
Ad lib feeding is a term used to refer to a type of feeding in which there are no restrictions placed on the amount of food to be given at any time.
What is the definition of ad libitum?
Ad libitum is often shortened to ad lib; term used to refer to the amount of feed ingested when made completely available without limitation or restriction.
What is the definition of adaptability?
Adaptability is the potential that an animal or organism has to change their bodies or lifestyles to suit their surroundings or environment.
What is the definition of adaptation?
Adaptation is a term used to refer to the activities or processes that an animal goes to make changes necessary for it to survive in its current environment, whether temporarily or otherwise.
What is the definition of additives?
Additives are items or ingredients added to feed as part of the manufacturing process; may also be used for preservation.
Additives also work to increase nutritional value of certain foods, increase the taste appeal, and make it more attractive.
There are legalities surrounding the amounts and types of additives allowed in feed.
What is the definition of addled egg?
An addled egg is the result of the mixing of an egg’s yolk with the egg white.
It may also be referred to as a rotten egg, and cannot be eaten.
What is the definition of adduction?
Adduction means to move inward or toward the midsection of the animal
What is the definition of adenocarcinoma?
Adenocarcinoma is the result of a malignant growth of the tissue of the epithelial gland.
What is the definition of adenohypophysis?
Adenohypophysis is the rearmost pituitary gland; the only area of the pituitary gland that is functional.
What is the definition of adherence?
Adherence is a property in which one item has the ability to stick or adhere to another.
What is the definition of adhesion?
Adhesion refers to fibers that bond items together that would not normally be combined.
What is the definition of adipocyte?
Adipocyte is a cell of fat
What is the definition of adipose?
Adipose refers to the quality of being fat or full of fat.
What is the definition of adjusted weaning weight (adjusted 205-day weight)?
Adjusted weaning weight (adjusted 205-day weight), refers to the weight of a young animal at the time of weaning;
this weight is adjusted to the standard for 205 days old as well as the age of the dam itself.
What is the definition of adjusted weaning weight (adjusted 365-day weight)?
Adjusted weaning weight (adjusted 365-day weight), refers to the weight of a yearling after adjustments for the age of the dam and adjusted to a standard 365 days old.
It changes in the numbers of animals, the seasons, classes or types of animals.
What is the definition of adnexa?
Adnexa refers to the structures of any given organ.
What is the definition of adrenal cortex?
The adrenal cortex is the outermost part of the adrenal gland
What is the definition of adrenal gland?
The adrenal gland is the gland that produces the hormone adrenaline and others; helps to regulate the metabolism, electrolytes, and even sexual function; also helps to regulate the way the body responds to injury, trauma, etc.
The adrenal gland is found near the kidney.
Also referred to as the suprarenal gland.
What is the definition of adrenal medulla?
The adrenal medulla is the innermost part of the adrenal gland.
What is the definition of adrenalectomy?
An adrenalectomy is the process of surgically extracting one or both of the adrenal glands.
What is the definition of adrenaline?
Adrenaline is a hormone produced by the adrenal glands, also often referred to as epinephrine.
Adrenaline is used in the body’s response to traumatic situations or emergencies.
What is the definition of adrenopathy?
Adrenopathy is a term used to refer to a type of disease that affects any portion of the adrenal glands.
What is the definition of adventitious sounds?
Adventitious sounds are sounds of the respiratory system; e.g. bronchi, rales.
What is the definition of aerobe?
Aerobe is a term used to refer to certain types of bacteria or organisms that only have the ability to survive in an environment of free oxygen.
What is the definition of aerogun?
Aerogun is a term used to refer to bacteria with the ability to produce certain types of gas.
What is the definition of aerophobia?
Aerophobia is the act of swallowing air.
What is the definition of afebrile?
Afebrile is a state, usually of illness, in which the subject is free of fever.
What is the definition of afferent?
Afferent means carrying toward; usually refers to nerves in the nervous system that carry certain impulses.
What is the definition of aflatoxin?
Aflatoxin is a substance created by a certain fungus, Aspergillus flavus, a carcinogen; known to contaminate corn, some nuts, and certain types of grain.
What is the definition of afterbirth?
Afterbirth is found attached to the fetus while en utero; expelled upon birth of the fetus.
Term used to refer to the placenta.
What is the definition of agalactia?
Agalactia is a condition in which an animal fails to nurse after birth of the offspring due to lack of secretion of milk; condition often found in female horses.
What is the definition of agalactic mare?
An agalatic mare is a female horse that is not properly lactating to feed her foal.
What is the definition of age class?
Age class is a term used to describe the grouping of animals by age.
What is the definition of aged horse?
Aged horse is a term used to describe a horse over the age of eight years old; often used to refer to a horse over the age of 12 years old.
What is the definition of agglutination?
Agglutination is the grouping together of certain cells, molecules, or particles into one area or clump.
What is the definition of agglutinins?
Agglutinins are either:
Antibodies that are created as an animal’s natural response to an infection or the presence of strange micro organisms; these antibodies cause the organisms to clump together.
Or
Any substance or antibody that causes certain organisms to clump together; usually causes the clumping of the organism that caused it to be produced in the first place.
What is the definition of agonal breathing?
Agonal breathing is breathing that occurs when an animal is near death or suffering from severe pain.
What is the definition of agonist?
Agonist refers to any substance that causes a certain effect by attaching itself to the right receptor.
What is the definition of agonistic?
In veterinary terms, agonistic refers to an animal whose behavior indicates offensive/defensive activities
What is the definition of agoraphobia?
Agoraphobia is the term for a fear of wide open spaces; in veterinary terms, it refers to animals who are kept stabled or in stalls for an extended period of time.
What is the definition of agostadero?
Agostadero is a term used mostly in the southwestern United States; and refers to a pasture that is used only during the summer months.
What is the definition of agouti?
Agouti is a type of coat pattern in which the fur is darker toward the root and becomes gradually lighter near the tip.
What is the definition of agranulocyte?
Agranulocyte is any cell that does not have the normal granular structures in the cytoplasm.
What is the definition of agrarian?
Agrarian refers to anything pertaining to or relating to the agriculture industry.
What is the definition of agriculture?
Agriculture is a broad term used to indicate the industry involved with producing animals and plants for use by humans.
What is the definition of aids?
Aids are used in the equine industry; and refers to the methods by which a rider communicates with his horse.
What is the definition of air sacs?
Airs sacs is an avian term; referring to pockets in the respiratory system of birds that hold air and allow them the ability to fly and the buoyancy necessary to do so.
What is the definition of albidus?
Albidus is a term that indicates something being white in color.
What is the definition of albino?
The term albino refers to an animal who lacks normal coloring; lacks of melanin.
Albino animals usually have a pure white coat and pink or red eyes.
What is the definition of albumin?
The term albumin refers to a type of protein that can be dissolved in water; found in milk, egg white, certain muscle, blood, and some urine.
What is the definition of albuminaria?
Albuminaria is a condition in which albumin is found in urine.
What is the definition of albus?
Albus is a term indicating that something is white in color.
See albidus.
What is the definition of alcohol?
Alcohol is the term used to refer to a family of organic chemical compounds that consist of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen in any form.
What is the definition of alcohol test?
The alcohol test is a test in which milk and ethyl alcohol are combined to detect milk with abnormal properties.
While normal milk should not cling to the tube, abnormal milk tends to cling to the glass.
What is the definition of alcohol-alizarin test?
The alcohol-alizarin test is a test in which alcohol and alizarin are combined with milk.
If the solution turns reddish, that indicates the presence of normal milk.
If the solution turns yellowish or brown in color, that is the indication of sour or rotten milk.
A solution that turns purple or violent in color indicates the presence of mastitis milk.
What is the definition of aleukia?
Aleukia is a condition in which leukocytes (white blood cells) are not found in the blood of an animal.
What is the definition of alfalfa
Alfalfa is a crop; often eaten by horses as a vital source of fiber and protein.
Alfalfa has compound leaves made up of three small leaves.
What is the definition of alimentary tract?
The term alimentary tract refers to the system in the body that deals with the processing of food and nutrients in between the mouth and the anus; may also be referred to as the GI tract, the intestinal tract, or the gastrointestinal tract.
What is the definition of alkaline?
The term alkaline refers to a substance having the property of a high pH or a low amount of hydrogen ions.
What is the definition of allantois?
The term allantois refers to the layer of the placenta closest to the inside.
What is the definition of allergen?
The term allergen refers to any substance with the potential to produce an allergic reaction in an animal prone to such a reaction.
What is the definition of allergy?
An allergy is a condition in which the body reacts to a particular item or product; may also be referred to as hypersensitivity.
What is the definition of allogamy?
The term allogamy refers to the process of cross-fertilization.
What is the definition of allopolyploid?
The term allopolyploid is used to refer to a polyploidy that contains chromosomes that are different from one another, as in from more than two species.
What is the definition of allosomes?
The term allosomes is used to refer to a type of chromosome that is different in one reason or another, either by a discrepancy in behavior, shape, or size.
What is the definition of allotment?
In the agricultural industry, the term allotment is used to refer to an area that is designated for use by a certain number of cows or sheep or for use by both types of animals.
What is the definition of alopecia?
Alopecia is a condition of hair loss resulting in either complete baldness or patches of baldness.
What is the definition of alpaca?
The term alpaca refers to either
A type of llama found in Peru and adjacent South American countries
or
The product of the alpaca; a type of wool that can be used to create goods.
What is the definition of alter?
The term alter means to change by neutering or spaying.
May also be referred to as cutting, gelding, or emasculating.
What is the definition of alteration of generations?
The alteration of generations is a theory of reproduction in which certain characteristics are only found in every other generation.
What is the definition of alternate grazing?
The term alternate grazing refers to the process of rotating pastures in a manner which allows the forage to grow back before it is grazed once more.
May also be referred to as rotational grazing.
What is the definition of alternate host?
The term alternate host refers to an organism in which a parasite or organism inhabits for only a certain part of its life cycle.
What is the definition of amasesis?
The term amasesis is used to refer to an animal without the ability to chew.
What is the definition of ambidextrous?
The term ambidextrous refers to a living thing that can use both hands equally well, as in not solely considered to be right-handed or left-handed.
What is the definition of ambient?
The term ambients means around or surrounding.
What is the definition of amble?
The term amble refers to a type of gait that is slower or broken up in cadence; usually lateral.
What is the definition of ambler?
The term ambler is used to refer to a type of horse who paces; usually refers to sporting horses.
What is the definition of amblotic?
The term amblotic is used to refer to a substance, organism, or disease that has the potential to cause abortion in animals.
What is the definition of amblyopia?
The term amblyopia refers to a condition in which loss of sight occurs without being attributed to any particular disease or medical condition.
What is the definition of amino acids?
Amino acids are organic substances that aid in the creation of proteins; also the end product of the decomposition of certain proteins.
What is the definition of amitosis?
The term amitosis refers to a condition in which the body takes in an excess amount of amino acids
What is the definition of ammonia?
The term ammonia refers to a chemical compound made of nitrogen and hydrogen; NH3.
Often added to feed to make it more nutritious for livestock; usually lacks color but has a strong odor.
What is the definition of amnesia?
The term amnesia refers to a condition in which loss of memory occurs.
What is the definition of amniocentesis?
The term amniocentesis refers to the process of obtaining abdominal fluid by puncturing the abdomen with a needle and going through the walls of the uterus to obtain it.
What is the definition of amnion?
The term amnion refers to the membrane in the uterus that is closest to the fetus; also referred to as the amniotic sac.
